Intertextual Bible intertextual.bible

Search Results

Showing 810 results for: cult

You may want to refine your search to reduce the number of matches

Guides

The Influence of 1 Enoch on the New Testament

Explore how 1 Enoch likely shaped the language, imagery, and theology of the New Testament, from the Gospels' Son of Man to Revelation's final judgmen...

The Primordial History: Genesis 1–11 and the Ancient Near East

Explore key narratives in Genesis 1–11, from creation to Babel, compared with their Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Sumerian counterparts to reveal how Is...

Melammu: Divine Radiance in the Ancient Near East and Biblical Traditions

Explore how Melammu, the awe-inspiring radiance of gods and kings in ancient Mesopotamia, originated in the overwhelming brightness of the sun and sta...

How the Dead Sea Scrolls Anticipate the New Testament

Explore theological and social concepts in the Dead Sea Scrolls that are similar to the theology, language, and practices later described in the New T...

Some Differences Between the Septuagint and Masoretic Traditions

Explore how the two most influential text traditions, the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text, each shaped, expanded, and condensed their inherited text...

Beauty and Divine Favor in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible

Explore how ancient Near Eastern royal ideology connected physical beauty to divine election and how this influenced the Hebrew Bible. This concept is...

The Divine Council and the Development of Bureaucracy

Explore how the biblical divine council evolved from an informal council of gods into a structured divine administration, and how its evolution follow...

Paul the Rabbi

Explore how Paul's methods of reading scripture, reasoning, arguing, and telling stories anticipate the techniques later expanded and codified in rabb...

The Solar and Lunar Calendar Debate

Explore how communities debated whether the sun or the moon should govern the festival year, from the solar calendar of 1 Enoch and Jubilees through t...

King Josiah at the Center of Israel's History

Explore how Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings use distinct Deuteronomic language and literary structure that converges on Josiah's reform, suggesting...

The World Tree in Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Traditions

Explore how the image of a great tree at the center of the world was inherited from Mesopotamian myth into the Hebrew Bible and reshaped by later Jewi...

The Influence of Philo of Alexandria

Explore how the first-century Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria read the Torah through Greek philosophy, and how the concepts he developed influe...

From the Tablet of Destinies to the Book of Life

Explore how the Mesopotamian idea of divine tablets that tracked everyone's destiny evolved through the Hebrew Bible, Second Temple Jewish literature,...

Protecting Widows, Orphans, and the Poor

Explore how the social obligation to protect the most vulnerable members of society evolved from ancient Near Eastern culture into the Hebrew Bible, p...

Highlighted Texts

Hebrew Bible

Deuteronomy 18:10 / Isaiah 8:19 Deuteronomy 18:10 / Isaiah 47:12 Deuteronomy 17:8 / 2 Kings 22:13 Deuteronomy 28:38 / Haggai 1:6 Deuteronomy 18:10 / 2 Kings 21:6 Deuteronomy 18:10 / Wisdom of Solomon 12:4 1 Kings 10:2 / Psalm 72:15 Ezekiel 3:5 / Exodus 4:10

Deuterocanon

Sirach 3:21 / Genesis Rabbah 8:2 Sirach 3:21 / Chagigah 13a Sirach 27:6 / Matthew 7:19 Sirach 3:21 / Psalm 131:1 Sirach 3:21 / Ambrose On the Christian Faith 5.19 Sirach 3:21 / Psalm 139:6 Sirach 3:21 / Mishnah Chagigah 2:1 Sirach 27:6 / Matthew 7:16 Sirach 27:4 / Matthew 12:33

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 84:3 / Jeremiah 32:17 1 Enoch 10:18 / Genesis 9:20 Jubilees 23:14 / Matthew 12:39 Jubilees 17:17 / Pirkei Avot 5:3 Jubilees 17:17 / 1 Enoch 108:9 Jubilees 17:15 / Genesis 15:6 / Nehemiah 9:8

Targum

Jonathan Isaiah 28:25 / Isaiah 28:25

New Testament

Romans 11:23 / Kiddushin 36a 2 Timothy 3:1 / 4Q174 Matthew 7:13 / 4 Ezra 7:5 Matthew 7:13 / Sifre Deuteronomy 53 Acts 15:20 / Jubilees 7:20

Rabbinic

Genesis Rabbah 14:4 / Genesis 2:7 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 2:7

Matching Reference Citations

Hebrew Bible

Psalm 68:18 / Ephesians 4:8 Isaiah 32:15 / Galatians 5:22 Malachi 3:3 / John 2:14 Isaiah 66:15 / 2 Thessalonians 1:8 Job 27:6 / 1 Corinthians 4:4 Exodus 22:28 / LXX Exodus 22:28 Isaiah 30:33 / Revelation 19:20 Micah 5:2 / Matthew 2:6 2 Samuel 5:2 / Matthew 2:6 Deuteronomy 34:1 / Matthew 4:8 Genesis 2:7 / Job 4:9 Exodus 15:3 / Psalm 24:8 Isaiah 52:7 / Jonathan Isaiah 52:7 Deuteronomy 33:2 / Habakkuk 3:4 Genesis 2:2 / LXX Genesis 2:2 Genesis 24:22 / LXX Genesis 24:22 Genesis 37:28 / LXX Genesis 37:28 Genesis 2:2 / Samaritan Genesis 2:2 Deuteronomy 32:8 / Pseudo Jonathan Deuteronomy 32:9 Genesis 6:4 / LXX Genesis 6:4 Genesis 6:4 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 6:4 Leviticus 17:4 / LXX Leviticus 17:4 Leviticus 17:4 / Samaritan Leviticus 17:4 1 Samuel 12:7 / Micah 6:5 Genesis 12:1 / Isaiah 29:22 Deuteronomy 24:1 / Sirach 25:25 Exodus 34:6 / Hosea 1:6 Genesis 3:19 / Ecclesiastes 3:20 Genesis 2:7 / Ecclesiastes 12:7 Judges 4:11 / LXX Judges 4:11 Deuteronomy 33:2 / LXX Deuteronomy 33:2 Genesis 3:15 / LXX Genesis 3:15 Genesis 4:7 / LXX Genesis 4:7 Psalm 22:1 / Mark 15:33 Psalm 141:2 / Revelation 8:3 Hosea 10:8 / Revelation 6:16 Isaiah 25:8 / Revelation 7:17 Jeremiah 2:32 / Isaiah 49:18 Genesis 6:14 / Exodus 2:3 Zephaniah 3:14 / Zechariah 9:9 Isaiah 5:26 / Zechariah 10:8 Exodus 23:11 / Nehemiah 10:31 Judges 5:8 / LXX Judges 5:8 Psalm 74:13 / Jeremiah 5:22 Deuteronomy 33:26 / Psalm 68:33 Deuteronomy 12:5 / LXX Deuteronomy 12:5 Deuteronomy 28:26 / Ezekiel 29:5 Deuteronomy 32:13 / Amos 4:13 Isaiah 11:3 / LXX Isaiah 11:3 Exodus 32:32 / 1 Enoch 108:3 Isaiah 53:7 / Matthew 26:63 2 Kings 9:13 / Matthew 21:8 Psalm 111:10 / Ecclesiastes 12:13 Deuteronomy 18:10 / Malachi 3:5 Psalm 69:29 / 1 Enoch 108:3 Genesis 8:21 / Isaiah 11:3 Deuteronomy 26:14 / Sirach 30:18 Deuteronomy 26:14 / Psalm 106:28 Numbers 25:2 / Psalm 106:28 Judges 5:5 / Judith 16:15 Genesis 14:18 / Judith 4:4 Daniel 10:6 / 2 Enoch 1:6 Isaiah 30:26 / 1 Enoch 72:37 Deuteronomy 32:39 / Job 5:18 Proverbs 3:11 / Job 5:17 Deuteronomy 7:9 / Daniel 9:4 Deuteronomy 15:1 / Nehemiah 10:31 Genesis 9:6 / Revelation 13:10 Deuteronomy 30:15 / Proverbs 12:28 Jonah 3:9 / Joel 2:14 Joel 2:6 / Nahum 2:10 Joel 2:1 / Zephaniah 1:14 Joel 2:17 / Psalm 79:10 Leviticus 26:40 / Daniel 9:20 Deuteronomy 32:18 / Jeremiah 2:27 Exodus 22:26 / Amos 2:8 Deuteronomy 32:1 / Isaiah 1:2 Genesis 32:30 / Numbers 14:14 Genesis 3:18 / Daniel 4:25 Genesis 4:26 / Exodus 6:3 Zephaniah 1:7 / Zechariah 2:13 Genesis 15:13 / Exodus 2:22 Genesis 17:7 / Exodus 29:45 Exodus 6:7 / Jeremiah 31:33 Exodus 6:7 / Ezekiel 34:30 Exodus 21:22 / LXX Exodus 21:22 Daniel 11:37 / 2 Thessalonians 2:4 Numbers 25:9 / 1 Corinthians 10:8 1 Kings 10:14 / Revelation 13:18 Exodus 1:15 / Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15 Jeremiah 17:8 / Pirkei Avot 3:17 Isaiah 1:13 / Hosea 8:11 Isaiah 1:11 / Psalm 40:6 Exodus 32:32 / Revelation 3:5 Isaiah 60:11 / Revelation 21:25 Zechariah 14:7 / Revelation 21:25 Joel 2:2 / Mark 13:19 Proverbs 27:2 / Matthew 6:2 Genesis 28:12 / John 1:51 Psalm 89:37 / John 12:34 Hosea 8:8 / Romans 9:21 Isaiah 66:24 / Jonathan Isaiah 66:24 Lamentations 2:13 / Nahum 3:7 Leviticus 16:4 / Ezekiel 44:18 Genesis 14:18 / 1Q20 22 Psalm 82:6 / Isaiah 24:21 Deuteronomy 4:19 / 2 Chronicles 33:3 Deuteronomy 5:16 / Malachi 1:6 Deuteronomy 15:21 / Malachi 1:8 Zechariah 11:12 / Matthew 27:10 Isaiah 13:13 / Haggai 2:6 Leviticus 10:10 / Haggai 2:12 Genesis 1:14 / Leviticus 10:10 / Leviticus 11:47 Leviticus 10:10 / Ezekiel 42:20 Genesis 1:4 / Exodus 26:33 / Leviticus 20:24 Genesis 2:15 / Numbers 3:7 Jeremiah 49:9 / Obadiah 1:5 Deuteronomy 12:2 / Hosea 4:13 Exodus 4:10 / Ezekiel 3:5 Leviticus 21:5 / Ezekiel 44:20 Leviticus 10:9 / Ezekiel 44:21 Exodus 4:10 / Jeremiah 1:6 Deuteronomy 23:18 / Isaiah 23:17 Numbers 21:29 / Jeremiah 48:4 Deuteronomy 5:14 / Jeremiah 17:21 Deuteronomy 5:14 / Amos 8:5 Jeremiah 27:16 / 2 Chronicles 36:7 Isaiah 44:28 / Zechariah 4:9 Exodus 20:25 / 1 Kings 6:7 Deuteronomy 27:5 / 1 Kings 6:7 Exodus 32:4 / 1 Kings 12:28 Genesis 16:6 / 1 Samuel 1:23 Isaiah 49:8 / LXX Isaiah 49:8 Psalm 51:15 / Luke 1:64 Job 7:7 / James 4:14 Psalm 39:5 / James 4:14 Genesis 3:15 / Neofiti Genesis 3:15 Proverbs 30:16 / LXX Proverbs 30:16 Genesis 16:6 / 2 Samuel 19:27 Genesis 16:6 / Judges 10:15 Deuteronomy 12:8 / Judges 17:6 Deuteronomy 18:10 / 2 Kings 16:3 Deuteronomy 18:10 / Jeremiah 7:31 Deuteronomy 18:10 / Jeremiah 19:5 Deuteronomy 18:10 / Jeremiah 32:35 Deuteronomy 12:2 / 2 Kings 17:10 Deuteronomy 6:5 / 2 Kings 23:25 Deuteronomy 12:2 / 1 Kings 14:23 Ecclesiastes 3:13 / Sirach 14:11 Genesis 1:31 / Exodus 39:43 Genesis 2:2 / Exodus 40:33 Joshua 19:9 / Judges 1:3 2 Samuel 24:24 / 1 Chronicles 21:25 Proverbs 16:31 / Sirach 25:4 Habakkuk 3:2 / Jonathan Habakkuk 3:2 Genesis 33:4 / Luke 15:22 Deuteronomy 13:15 / Judges 20:48 Exodus 3:5 / Joshua 5:15 Numbers 31:8 / Joshua 13:22 Deuteronomy 29:11 / Joshua 9:21 Leviticus 10:1 / Numbers 26:61 Genesis 49:9 / Numbers 24:9 Exodus 13:13 / Numbers 18:15 Exodus 35:3 / Numbers 15:35 Genesis 1:14 / 1 Enoch 82:7 Deuteronomy 33:10 / Malachi 2:7 Isaiah 11:2 / Testament of Levi 18:9 Deuteronomy 11:26 / Malachi 2:2 Zechariah 8:13 / Malachi 2:2 1 Samuel 13:3 / LXX 1 Samuel 13:3 Deuteronomy 27:4 / Samaritan Deuteronomy 27:4 Genesis 48:16 / Samaritan Genesis 48:16 Deuteronomy 26:14 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:27 Jeremiah 16:7 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:30 Leviticus 12:2 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:29 Deuteronomy 14:29 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:28 Numbers 33:52 / Wisdom of Solomon 12:6 Genesis 19:26 / Wisdom of Solomon 10:7 Genesis 6:17 / Wisdom of Solomon 10:4 Proverbs 8:30 / Wisdom of Solomon 9:4 Proverbs 16:31 / Wisdom of Solomon 4:9 Leviticus 4:8 / Sirach 47:2 Amos 5:21 / Sirach 34:22 Deuteronomy 16:7 / 2 Chronicles 35:13 Psalm 119:105 / Proverbs 6:23 Deuteronomy 29:24 / Jeremiah 22:8 Isaiah 40:20 / Jeremiah 10:4 Genesis 1:3 / Psalm 33:9 Exodus 15:20 / Jeremiah 31:4 Deuteronomy 33:2 / Psalm 80:3 Leviticus 6:12 / Nehemiah 10:34 Deuteronomy 4:19 / Ezekiel 8:16 Judges 5:5 / Psalm 68:8 Genesis 1:5 / Psalm 74:16 Genesis 2:4 / Genesis 14:19 Genesis 16:13 / Genesis 32:30 Genesis 15:13 / Exodus 12:40 Genesis 15:6 / Psalm 106:31 Exodus 31:2 / 1 Kings 7:14 Deuteronomy 7:5 / Micah 5:13 Exodus 12:8 / Deuteronomy 16:7 Leviticus 19:36 / Hosea 12:7 Deuteronomy 5:7 / Hosea 13:4 Zechariah 1:3 / Malachi 3:7 Joel 2:12 / Malachi 2:13 1 Samuel 15:22 / Proverbs 15:8 Jonah 2:9 / Psalm 50:14 Exodus 15:21 / Micah 7:19 Deuteronomy 23:18 / Micah 1:7 Jeremiah 13:26 / Nahum 3:5 Psalm 13:1 / Habakkuk 1:2 Joshua 10:13 / 2 Samuel 1:18 Exodus 3:15 / Psalm 135:13 1 Samuel 2:8 / Psalm 113:7 1 Kings 10:2 / Psalm 72:15 Deuteronomy 28:22 / Haggai 2:17 Deuteronomy 28:21 / Amos 4:9 1 Kings 6:3 / Zechariah 5:2 Exodus 20:16 / Psalm 27:12 Leviticus 23:24 / Psalm 81:3 Exodus 34:6 / Psalm 77:8 Exodus 6:6 / Psalm 77:15 Psalm 27:9 / Psalm 119:19 Psalm 63:8 / Psalm 119:31 Psalm 31:6 / Psalm 119:42 Psalm 31:24 / Psalm 119:43 Psalm 16:8 / Psalm 119:30 Deuteronomy 17:8 / 2 Kings 22:13 Exodus 23:11 / Jubilees 7:37 Genesis 10:32 / Genesis 11:1 / Jubilees 8:9 Exodus 7:12 / Jubilees 48:9 Deuteronomy 17:9 / Malachi 2:4 Psalm 9:20 / LXX Psalm 9:20 Proverbs 1:7 / Job 28:28 Genesis 1:14 / Isaiah 1:14 Genesis 1:14 / Psalm 104:19 Exodus 13:16 / Revelation 13:16 Exodus 13:16 / Isaiah 44:5 Job 42:2 / LXX Job 42:2 Psalm 68:6 / Targum Psalm 68:7 Deuteronomy 33:11 / Pseudo Jonathan Deuteronomy 33:11 2 Samuel 23:3 / LXX 2 Samuel 23:2 1 Samuel 6:19 / LXX 1 Samuel 6:19 1 Samuel 15:2 / LXX 1 Samuel 15:2 2 Samuel 24:16 / LXX 2 Samuel 24:16 1 Samuel 17:35 / LXX 1 Samuel 17:35 1 Samuel 17:43 / LXX 1 Samuel 17:42 Genesis 3:16 / Onkelos Genesis 3:16 / Eruvin 100b Exodus 38:8 / Onkelos Exodus 38:8 Genesis 1:2 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 1:2 Joshua 5:14 / Habakkuk 3:5 Leviticus 11:13 / Onkelos Leviticus 11:13 Leviticus 11:19 / LXX Leviticus 11:19 Leviticus 22:22 / LXX Leviticus 22:22 Leviticus 10:9 / Luke 1:15 Genesis 6:7 / LXX Genesis 6:7 Jeremiah 18:8 / LXX Jeremiah 18:8 Zechariah 3:8 / LXX Zechariah 3:8 Genesis 28:18 / Leviticus 26:1 Genesis 21:33 / Deuteronomy 16:21 Leviticus 16:31 / Onkelos Leviticus 16:31 Leviticus 20:5 / Onkelos Leviticus 20:5 Leviticus 27:2 / Onkelos Leviticus 27:2 Joshua 6:6 / LXX Joshua 6:6 Exodus 1:11 / LXX Exodus 1:11 Exodus 22:5 / LXX Exodus 22:5 Jeremiah 2:28 / LXX Jeremiah 2:28 Isaiah 16:12 / LXX Isaiah 16:12 Deuteronomy 17:3 / LXX Deuteronomy 17:3 1 Chronicles 16:40 / LXX 1 Chronicles 16:40 Amos 5:26 / LXX Amos 5:26 Proverbs 8:5 / LXX Proverbs 8:5 Amos 5:26 / Jonathan Amos 5:26 Proverbs 25:10 / LXX Proverbs 25:10 Genesis 8:20 / Jubilees 6:2 Deuteronomy 10:8 / 1 Kings 8:53 Numbers 8:14 / Numbers 16:9 / Deuteronomy 10:8 Leviticus 10:10 / 1 Chronicles 23:13 Numbers 21:9 / 2 Kings 18:4 2 Samuel 1:21 / Jonathan 2 Samuel 1:21 Genesis 3:1 / LXX Genesis 3:1 Lamentations 2:19 / Psalm 119:48 Genesis 3:6 / Genesis 21:12 2 Kings 25:13 / 2 Chronicles 36:7 Exodus 5:9 / 1 Kings 12:4 Leviticus 2:11 / Amos 4:5 Numbers 11:15 / Onkelos Numbers 11:15 Ezekiel 8:17 / LXX Ezekiel 8:17 Joshua 4:10 / LXX Joshua 4:10 Exodus 22:22 / 2 Enoch 50:7 Isaiah 14:13 / Job 38:7 Exodus 30:34 / 1 Enoch 29:2 Jeremiah 3:16 / Revelation 11:19 Genesis 22:1 / Deuteronomy 8:2 Genesis 27:39 / LXX Genesis 27:39 Exodus 14:20 / LXX Exodus 14:20 Genesis 34:25 / Judith 9:2 Isaiah 59:20 / LXX Isaiah 59:20 Isaiah 51:6 / LXX Isaiah 51:6 Daniel 11:31 / 1 Maccabees 1:54 Genesis 22:10 / 4 Maccabees 16:20 Genesis 22:2 / 2 Chronicles 3:1 Genesis 22:6 / Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1.13 Genesis 28:17 / 1 Chronicles 22:1 Isaiah 5:1 / Gospel of Thomas 1:65 Daniel 4:11 / Pseudo Hippolytus Easter Homily 1:5 Ecclesiastes 1:12 / Gittin 68b Esther 1:12 / Megillah 12b Genesis 31:19 / 1 Samuel 19:13 Genesis 34:14 / Exodus 4:25 Exodus 23:19 / Deuteronomy 14:21 Psalms 111:4 / Psalms 112:4 1 Samuel 4:11 / Jeremiah 7:12 2 Samuel 7:2 / Haggai 1:4

Ancient Near East

KTU I.5 / Isaiah 27:1 KTU I.2 / Psalm 82:1 Legend of Keret II / Jeremiah 19:13 Epic of Gilgamesh XI / Genesis 7:1 Epic of Gilgamesh XI / Genesis 9:15 Atrahasis / Genesis 7:1 The Sargon Legend / Exodus 2:3 Enuma Elish IV / Isaiah 45:12 The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq / Jeremiah 5:8 Epic of Gilgamesh VI / Psalm 82:1 Epic of Gilgamesh VII / Psalm 82:1 KUB IV.1 / Psalm 24:10 Book of the Dead 125 / Psalm 24:3 Papyrus Salt 825 / Psalm 24:3 KAI 26.iii / Psalm 82:1 KTU 1.4 / Exodus 24:11 KTU 1.1 / Genesis 4:22 Legend of Keret / Numbers 21:8 The Sargon Geography / Genesis 7:19 The Sargon Geography / Genesis 8:9 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Judges 5:25 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Song of Solomon 4:11 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Song of Solomon 5:1 The Treaty between Suppiluliumas and Kurtiwaza / Deuteronomy 30:19 Code of Hammurabi / Exodus 21:22 Code of Hammurabi / Exodus 20:24 Emar Saharsubbu / Leviticus 14:3 Surpu IV / Isaiah 35:3 Surpu IV / Psalm 146:8 KTU 1.23:88 / Genesis 6:2 Epic of Gilgamesh I / Genesis 25:25 Code of Hammurabi / Psalm 72:1 Code of Hammurabi / Jeremiah 22:3 Atrahasis / Genesis 2:7 Sumerian King List 1:8 / Genesis 5:21 Adapa and the South Wind 4 / Genesis 5:24 KTU 1.114 / Amos 6:7 Legend of Keret / 1 Kings 12:28 Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions / Habakkuk 3:3 Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions / Deuteronomy 33:2 The Dream of Gudea / 1 Chronicles 28:19 The Dream of Gudea / Exodus 25:40

Septuagint

LXX Isaiah 7:14 / Matthew 1:23 LXX Jeremiah 27:25 / Romans 9:22 LXX Deuteronomy 18:4 / Didache 13:3 LXX Psalm 143:9 / Psalms of Solomon 3:1 LXX Genesis 2:2 / Megillah 9a LXX Genesis 22:18 / Acts 3:25 LXX Genesis 33:18 / Jubilees 30:1 LXX Psalm 33:9 / 1 Peter 2:3 LXX Haggai 2:15 / Mark 13:2 LXX Psalm 31:1 / Romans 4:7 LXX Ezekiel 37:23 / Titus 2:14

Dead Sea Scrolls

4Q525 2 / Matthew 5:8 1Q20 6 / Luke 2:19 1QSa 2 / Mark 2:22 1QS 7:2 / Matthew 5:22 1QS 11 / Philippians 3:20 1QSa 2 / Matthew 9:17 4Q242 1 / Mark 2:10 1QS 6 / Acts 5:2 4Q266 / 2 Timothy 3:8

Deuterocanon

Sirach 13:16 / Bava Kamma 92b Sirach 25:13 / Shabbat 11a Sirach 7:10 / Eruvin 65a Tobit 11:9 / Luke 2:27 Sirach 4:10 / James 1:27 Tobit 4:8 / Matthew 19:21 Sirach 3:30 / Bava Batra 10a Tobit 12:9 / Bava Batra 10a Tobit 12:15 / Revelation 1:4 Sirach 16:18 / Luke 2:14 Sirach 16:18 / 2 Corinthians 12:2 1 Maccabees 4:46 / 1QS 9 Sirach 14:11 / Eruvin 54a Tobit 4:9 / 1 Timothy 6:19 Wisdom of Solomon 5:18 / 1 Thessalonians 5:8 Tobit 4:15 / Shabbat 31a Tobit 12:12 / Revelation 8:2 Sirach 23:5 / Matthew 6:13 2 Maccabees 2:5 / Revelation 2:17 Sirach 5:13 / James 3:6 Sirach 23:7 / James 3:9 Tobit 4:15 / Ephesians 5:18 2 Maccabees 2:5 / Revelation 11:19 Wisdom of Solomon 8:8 / Luke 12:56 Sirach 43:26 / Colossians 1:17 Wisdom of Solomon 1:11 / Athanasius Defense Against the Arians 3 Wisdom of Solomon 14:12 / Athanasius Against the Heathen 9 Wisdom of Solomon 13:5 / Athanasius Against the Heathen 44:3 Tobit 4:18 / Athanasius Defense of Constantius 17 Wisdom of Solomon 1:11 / Athanasius Defense of Constantius 5 Wisdom of Solomon 14:12 / Athanasius Against the Heathen 11 Wisdom of Solomon 14:21 / Athanasius Against the Heathen 17 Sirach 27:6 / Matthew 7:19 Sirach 7:31 / Didache 13:3 Tobit 12:7 / Athanasius Defense Against the Arians 1 Sirach 4:28 / Athanasius Defense Against the Arians 90 Sirach 1:9 / Athanasius Discourse Against the Arians 22 Wisdom of Solomon 16:29 / Mishnah Berakhot 1:2 Letter of Jeremiah 1:4 / 2 Maccabees 2:2 Sirach 41:8 / Wisdom of Solomon 3:13 Sirach 30:18 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:27 Tobit 4:17 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:27 2 Maccabees 12:44 / 1 Corinthians 15:29 1 Maccabees 7:27 / 2 Maccabees 14:24 Sirach 33:31 / Philemon 1:16

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 10:4 / 1 Peter 3:19 1 Enoch 21:10 / 1 Peter 3:19 Testament of Levi 6:11 / 1 Thessalonians 2:16 1 Enoch 51:1 / Revelation 20:13 4 Maccabees 7:19 / Matthew 22:32 1 Enoch 6:2 / Philo on the Giants 4 Jubilees 36:7 / 1 Enoch 69:16 1 Enoch 6:2 / Eusebius Preparation for the Gospel 5.6 1 Enoch 10:19 / Irenaeus Against Heresies 5.3 2 Baruch 29:5 / Irenaeus Against Heresies 5.3 1 Enoch 99:8 / 2 Thessalonians 2:11 Jubilees 12:16 / Clement of Alexandria Stromata 5.14.139 1 Enoch 100:5 / Matthew 18:10 Testament of Dan 6:2 / Galatians 3:19 Testament of Dan 6:2 / 1 Timothy 2:5 1 Enoch 90:25 / Revelation 20:14 1 Enoch 9:5 / Hebrews 4:13 1 Enoch 14:20 / Revelation 5:11 1 Enoch 21:5 / Jude 1:13 Jubilees 4:15 / 1 Enoch 6:6 1 Enoch 39:11 / Hebrews 12:9 1 Enoch 62:3 / Revelation 6:15 Psalms of Solomon 9:5 / Acts 16:31 1 Enoch 6:1 / Lactantius Divine Institutes 2.15 1 Enoch 1:9 / Cassiodorus Comments on Jude 1 Enoch 7:1 / Lactantius Divine Institutes 2.15 1 Enoch 6:2 / Lactantius Epitome of the Divine Institutes 27 1 Enoch 58:3 / Psalms of Solomon 3:12 Psalms of Solomon 17:24 / 4 Ezra 13:4 Testament of Levi 9:3 / Wisdom of Solomon 10:10 1 Enoch 48:7 / James 4:4 1 Enoch 48:7 / 1 John 2:15 1 Enoch 40:8 / Testament of Dan 6:5 1 Enoch 40:8 / Testament of Benjamin 6:2 1 Enoch 40:8 / Testament of Asher 6:6 1 Enoch 12:3 / Luke 1:5 1 Enoch 85:4 / Ecclesiastes Rabbah 3:15 Testament of Levi 18:12 / Romans 16:20 1 Enoch 2:1 / 1 Clement 20:1 1 Enoch 8:1 / Cyprian Treatises 2:14 4 Maccabees 1:6 / Titus 2:12

Targum

Jonathan Isaiah 43:5 / 1 John 2:1

New Testament

Matthew 7:12 / 2 Enoch 61:1 Acts 2:4 / Exodus Rabbah 5 2 Corinthians 12:2 / Chagigah 14b Matthew 5:9 / Pirkei Avot 1:12 Matthew 7:12 / Pseudo Jonathan Leviticus 19:18 Matthew 5:12 / Jonathan Isaiah 28:11 1 Corinthains 11:11 / Genesis Rabbah 22:2 1 Corinthians 7:9 / Mishnah Ketubot 5:6 Matthew 6:9 / Shemoneh Esrei Galatians 1:16 / Chagigah 15a Matthew 5:21 / Bava Metzia 58b Mark 2:27 / Yoma 85b Mark 2:27 / Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael 31:13 Matthew 5:24 / Mishnah Yoma 8:9 Romans 12:15 / Matthew 25:35 James 1:25 / Pirkei Avot 5:12 James 1:25 / Pirkei Avot 6:2 Revelation 6:9 / 4 Ezra 4:35 Matthew 16:18 / 2 Enoch 42:1 Ephesians 6:11 / 4 Maccabees 13:16 Matthew 7:6 / Didache 9:5 2 Timothy 3:8 / Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15 2 Peter 2:15 / Pirkei Avot 5:19 Matthew 3:6 / Mishnah Yoma 3 James 5:20 / Pirkei Avot 5:18 Galatians 5:22 / Pirkei Avot 6:1 Matthew 7:2 / 2 Enoch 44:3 Romans 7:11 / Chagigah 16a Matthew 5:16 / 1 Peter 2:12 Matthew 5:47 / Pirkei Avot 1:15 Matthew 7:16 / Berakhot 48a 1 Corinthians 11:5 / 1 Corinthians 14:34 2 John 1:1 / Shepherd of Hermas 8:1

Classical

Philo The Special Laws 2.5 / Matthew 5:37 Pseudo Philo Biblical Antiquities 18:5 / Apocalypse of Abraham 20:3 Philo Who is the Heir of Divine Things 205 / 1 Timothy 2:5 Epimenides Cretica 1 / Acts 17:28 Aratus Phaenomena 5 / Acts 17:28 Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1.10.2 / 1Q20 22 Hesiod Theogony / 1 Enoch 10:4 Aeschylus Prometheus Bound / 1 Enoch 10:4 Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1.7.1 / Genesis Rabbah 38:14 Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics 8:30 / 1 Peter 3:1

Samaritan

Samaritan Genesis 2:2 / LXX Genesis 2:2

Texts in Conversation

Hebrew Bible

Joel 3:13 / Revelation 14:18 Proverbs 27:2 / Matthew 6:2 Exodus 22:28 / LXX Exodus 22:28 Deuteronomy 23:17 / LXX Deuteronomy 23:17 Proverbs 3:11 / Hebrews 12:5 Isaiah 28:16 / 1 Peter 2:6 Ezekiel 2:9 / Revelation 10:2 Genesis 3:17 / Job 5:6 Jeremiah 17:8 / Pirkei Avot 3:17 2 Samuel 22:34 / Habakkuk 3:19 Amos 4:5 / Matthew 6:2 Exodus 15:23 / Numbers 11:1 Proverbs 3:11 / Job 5:17 Deuteronomy 27:25 / Proverbs 15:27 Exodus 14:18 / Ezekiel 28:22 Leviticus 25:18 / Ezekiel 28:26 Isaiah 15:2 / Micah 1:16 Jeremiah 8:13 / Zephaniah 1:2 Leviticus 23:24 / Psalm 81:3 Psalm 119:50 / Job 6:10 Psalm 94:12 / Job 5:17 Ecclesiastes 3:13 / Sirach 14:11 Ecclesiastes 12:7 / Sirach 38:23 Deuteronomy 8:2 / Sirach 2:1 Zechariah 13:9 / Wisdom of Solomon 3:6 Psalm 25:11 / Ezekiel 20:44 Exodus 4:24 / LXX Exodus 4:24 Leviticus 21:5 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:31 Ecclesiastes 2:5 / Song of Solomon 4:13 Deuteronomy 4:20 / 1 Kings 8:51 Deuteronomy 4:20 / Jeremiah 11:4 Judges 5:8 / LXX Judges 5:8 1 Samuel 1:24 / LXX 1 Samuel 1:24 Isaiah 65:23 / 1 Enoch 10:17 Deuteronomy 24:1 / Matthew 5:31 Exodus 4:24 / Onkelos Exodus 4:24 Exodus 4:24 / Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 4:24 Isaiah 28:25 / Jonathan Isaiah 28:25 Exodus 4:24 / Samaritan Exodus 4:24 Genesis 6:4 / LXX Genesis 6:4 Deuteronomy 33:2 / Samaritan Deuteronomy 33:2 Psalm 22:16 / LXX Psalms 21:17 Genesis 2:6 / Genesis 13:10 Genesis 5:6 / LXX Genesis 5:6 Isaiah 5:1 / Matthew 21:33 Genesis 37:33 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 37:33 Genesis 11:2 / Daniel 1:2 Genesis 49:5 / LXX Genesis 49:5 Exodus 34:13 / Judith 3:7 Proverbs 30:8 / Matthew 6:11 Deuteronomy 17:16 / Isaiah 2:7 Ezekiel 39:21 / Zechariah 2:8 Deuteronomy 17:8 / 2 Kings 22:13 Psalm 90:10 / Jubilees 23:15 Proverbs 31:22 / 1 Timothy 2:9 Genesis 1:14 / Psalm 104:19 Psalm 68:6 / Targum Psalm 68:7 Genesis 3:16 / Onkelos Genesis 3:16 / Eruvin 100b Leviticus 5:4 / Onkelos Leviticus 5:4 Exodus 32:6 / Onkelos Exodus 32:6 Genesis 3:18 / Philo Allegorical Interpretation 3.251 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 3:18 Isaiah 7:14 / LXX Isaiah 7:14 Isaiah 4:2 / LXX Isaiah 4:2 Leviticus 23:5 / LXX Leviticus 23:5 Leviticus 24:22 / Onkelos Leviticus 24:22 Leviticus 26:25 / Onkelos Leviticus 26:25 Leviticus 26:46 / Onkelos Leviticus 26:46 Amos 5:26 / LXX Amos 5:26 Amos 5:26 / LXX Amos 5:26 / Acts 7:43 Proverbs 8:5 / LXX Proverbs 8:5 Amos 5:9 / Jonathan Amos 5:9 Amos 5:26 / Jonathan Amos 5:26 Isaiah 2:7 / Matthew 19:23 Zephaniah 1:18 / Matthew 19:23 Genesis 49:25 / Deuteronomy 33:13 Genesis 31:19 / Judges 18:17 Joshua 7:9 / Ezekiel 36:22 Isaiah 48:11 / Ezekiel 36:22 2 Kings 19:34 / Isaiah 48:11

Ancient Near East

Atrahasis / Genesis 7:10 KAI 26.iii / Exodus 17:14 KAI 26.iii / Deuteronomy 29:20 Esarhaddon Succession Treaty / Deuteronomy 9:14 The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer / Psalm 22:2 The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer / Psalm 69:3 KTU 1.116 / Joel 1:8

Septuagint

LXX Deuteronomy 33:3 / 4 Maccabees 17:19

Deuterocanon

Sirach 7:14 / Matthew 6:7 Sirach 31:15 / Matthew 7:12 2 Maccabees 12:44 / 1 Corinthians 15:29 Sirach 2:1 / James 1:2 Tobit 2:2 / Luke 14:13 Sirach 2:5 / Cyprian Treatises 7:9 Wisdom of Solomon 7:17 / Galatians 4:3 Sirach 2:4 / Cyprian Treatises 9:17 Sirach 27:5 / Cyprian Treatises 11:13 Sirach 2:4 / Didache 3:10 Sirach 22:6 / Clement of Alexandria The Instructor 1.8 Sirach 3:21 / Mishnah Chagigah 2:1 Tobit 4:17 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:27

Pseudepigrapha

4 Ezra 7:5 / Matthew 7:13 Jubilees 7:20 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 6:2 Jubilees 3:31 / Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 6:2 1 Enoch 108:9 / Jubilees 17:17 Jubilees 5:6 / 1 Peter 3:19 1 Enoch 10:11 / 1 Peter 3:19 1 Enoch 13:6 / Luke 18:13

New Testament

Matthew 5:10 / Bava Kamma 93a Matthew 6:1 / Bava Batra 10b Matthew 5:28 / Kallah 2 Matthew 6:1 / Berakhot 17b Matthew 7:12 / Shabbat 31a Matthew 6:3 / Bava Batra 9b Matthew 19:24 / Bava Metzia 38b Matthew 15:27 / Neofiti Exodus 22:30 Luke 4:23 / Genesis Rabbah 23:4 Matthew 23:12 / Nedarim 55a Matthew 7:12 / 2 Enoch 61:1 Matthew 6:4 / 2 Enoch 51:4 Matthew 23:5 / Sotah 22b Matthew 5:28 / Leviticus Rabbah 12 John 7:52 / Jerusalem Pesachim 5.3 John 7:52 / Sukkah 28a Romans 8:17 / 2 Baruch 51:3 Matthew 6:34 / Yevamot 63b Matthew 5:16 / Pirkei Avot 2:12 Matthew 7:12 / Hierocles On Fraternal Love

Matching Tags

Allusions 0 Changing Divine Speech 55 Difficult Translation 4 Divine Honor and Shame 21 Divine Smelling 8 Evil Eye Belief 14 Filling Narrative Gaps 24 Flood Parallels 15 Golden Rule 18 Gospel and Rabbinic Sayings 89 Kidneys and Livers 20 Literary and Theological Tension 153 Masoretic Deletions 7 Multiple Heavens 11 Septuagint Additions 56 Septuagint Deletions 17 Septuagint Difficulties 43 Seventy Sons 10 Solid Firmament 16

Glossary Terms

Achaemenid Akkad Altar Amoraim Anachronism Ancient Near East Apotropaic Aramaic Assyria Babylon Classsical Contemporize Context Cult Cultic Cultically Cults Cuneiform Divination Enki Eschatology Evil Eye Exegesis Hapax Legomenon Hellenism Henotheism Hexateuch Hittite Lament Loanword Melammu Mesopotamia Mishnah Mystery Cult Mystery Cults Mystery Religion Myth Omen Pagan Paronomasia Patron Deity Persia Phoenicia Pseudepigrapha Qumran Resonance Sacerdot Sapient Seleucid Storm God Sumer Thematic Correspondence Ugarit Uruk Votive Wisdom Literature Zoroastrian

Articles

Be Wary of Minimalism and Maximalism

Avoiding Extremes When Discovering New and Unusual Texts

intertextual.bible • May 25, 2026 • 11 min read

Intertextuality and Parallelomania

How Methodology Helps Navigate Between Too Many and Too Few

intertextual.bible • May 9, 2026 • 10 min read

Biblical Texts Require the Tools of Historiography

What Intertextuality Reveals About How to Read the Bible

intertextual.bible • May 2, 2026 • 11 min read

Intertextuality Rewards Imaginative Reading

Why Creative Engagement with Texts Is Not Eisegesis

intertextual.bible • April 25, 2026 • 9 min read

Intertextuality and Rewritten Scripture

A Controversial Intersection between Copying and Creating

intertextual.bible • April 16, 2026 • 12 min read

Intertextuality and Inner-Biblical Exegesis

Two Ways of Thinking About Textual Relationships

intertextual.bible • April 5, 2026 • 7 min read

Intertextuality and Scripturalized Narrative

How Authors Composed New Stories from Older Scriptures

intertextual.bible • March 28, 2026 • 8 min read

The Pseudepigrapha and the Biblical Literary World

How texts like 1 Enoch and Jubilees shaped the traditions that followed them

intertextual.bible • March 20, 2026 • 8 min read

The Significance of the Differences Between Text Traditions

How Divergent Traditions Reveal What Was Important to Translators and Interpreters

intertextual.bible • March 13, 2026 • 7 min read

Intertextuality and Reception History

The Intersection of Similar Concepts

intertextual.bible • February 9, 2026 • 7 min read

Intertextuality does not Require Literary Dependence

Memory, Tradition, and Practice

intertextual.bible • January 29, 2026 • 4 min read

Synchronic and Diachronic Reading

Ways of Making Sense of Complex Literary Relationships

intertextual.bible • January 23, 2026 • 4 min read

Pre-Masoretic Hebrew Tradition

History and Tradition

intertextual.bible • January 4, 2026 • 6 min read

Exploring Intertextuality with B.J. Oropeza

Impacting Biblical Studies

intertextual.bible • December 12, 2025 • 3 min read

Texts in Conversation

Intertextuality in Action

intertextual.bible • November 28, 2025 • 4 min read

The Reader and the Author in Intertextuality

Two Types of Intertextuality

intertextual.bible • November 18, 2025 • 5 min read

What is Intertextuality?

The Relationships Between Texts

intertextual.bible • November 16, 2025 • 5 min read

Reference Library

Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context

Walton, John H. • Zondervan • 1989

Bedouin Culture in the Bible

Bailey, Clinton • Yale University Press • 2018

Blessing and Curse in the Old Testament: Socio-Cultural Aspects

Skulkina, Irina • Ukrainian Catholic University • 2013

Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East

Dick, Michael B. • Eisenbrauns • 1999

Christian Origins and Greco-Roman Culture: Social and Literary Contexts for the New Testament

Keener, Craig S. • Brill • 2013

Christian Origins and Greco-Roman Culture: Social and Literary Contexts for the New Testament

Westfall, Cynthia Long • Brill • 2013

"Cultural Attitudes towards Scent in the Interpretation of Isaiah 11:3" in Strauch Schick, Shana, and Yaakov Elman (eds.) Land and Spirituality in Rabbinic Literature: A Memorial Volume for Yaakov Elman

Wolkenfeld, Meira • Brill • 2022

Eschatological Viticulture in 1 Enoch, 2 Baruch, and the Presbyters of Papias

Carlson, Stephen C. • Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 71, Iss. 1 • 2017

Gezerah Shawah as Analogy in the Epistle to the Hebrews

Wenkel, David H. • Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture, Vol. 37, Issue 2 • 2007

God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World

Smith, Mark S. • Mohr Siebeck • 2008

Greco-Roman Culture and the New Testament: Studies Commemorating the Centennial of the Pontifical Biblical Institute

Aune, David E. • Brill • 2012

Greek Gospels and Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls: Compositional, Conceptual, and Cultural Intersections

Perrin, Andrew B. • De Gruyter • 2020

"He Looked for Justice, but Behold, Oppression": Socio-Economic and Political Aspects of Viticulture and Viniculture in the Judean and Israelite Kingdoms

Paczári, András • Western Theological Seminary • 2017

Honor, Patronage, Kinship & Purity: Unlocking New Testament Culture

DeSilva, David A. • InterVarsity Press • 2000

Jesus as the Fulfillment of the Temple and its Cult in the Gospel of Matthew

Francis, Norman O. • The University of Edinburgh • 2020

Jesus through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

Bailey, Kenneth E. • InterVarsity Press • 2008

Jewish Cult and Hellenistic Culture: Essays on the Jewish Encounter with Hellenism and Roman Rule

Collins, John J. • Brill • 2005

Jewish Literatures and Cultures: Context and Intertext

Himmelfarb, Martha • Brown Judaic Studies • 2008

Let all the Peoples Praise Him: Toward a Teleological Paradigm of the Missio Dei

Hawthorne, Steven C. • Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies • 2013

"Nonverbal Communication in the New Testament" in Blumell, Lincoln H. (ed.) New Testament History, Culture, and Society: A Background to the Texts of the New Testament

Calabro, David M. • Deseret Books • 2019

Paul through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural Studies in 1 Corinthians

Bailey, Kenneth E. • IVP Academic • 2011

Pontius Pilate and the Imperial Cult in Roman Judea

Taylor, Joan E. • New Testament Studies, Vol. 52, Issue 4 • 2006

Priests and Cults in the Book of the Twelve

Schart, Aaron • Society of Biblical Literature • 2016

Priests and Cults in the Book of the Twelve

Boda, Mark. J. • Society of Biblical Literature • 2016

Priests and Cults in the Book of the Twelve

Wöhrle, Jakob • Society of Biblical Literature • 2016

Shekhinah and Matthew 18:20

Sievers, Joseph • Claritas Journal of Dialogue and Culture, Vol 6., No. 1 • 2017

The Bible in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Loewen, Jacob A. • William Carey Library • 2000

The Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture

Baskin, Judith Reesa • Cambridge University Press • 2011

The Eschatological Yom Kippur in the Apocalypse of Abraham: Part I: The Scapegoat Ritual

Orlov, Andrei • Marquette Theology Faculty Research and Publications 85 • 2009

The Identity of the Διψυχος in the Shepherd of Hermas

Mutie, Jeremiah • Faculty Publications and Presentations • 2011

The Jewish Cultural Nature of Galilee in the First Century

Safrai, Shmuel • Ecumenical Theological Research Fraternity in Israel • 1990

The Sense of Sight in Rabbinic Culture: Jewish Ways of Seeing in Late Antiquity

Neis, Rachel • Cambridge University Press • 2013

The Sense of Sight in Rabbinic Culture: Jewish Ways of Seeing in Late Antiquity

Neis, Rachel • Cambridge University Press • 2013

The Theme of Deception in the Book of Revelation: Bringing Early Christian and Contemporary Thai Cultures into Dialogue

Tipvarakankoon, Wiriya • Claremont Press • 2017

"The Use of Scripture in 1 Enoch 17-19" in Hilhorst, A., et al., editors. Jerusalem, Alexandria, Rome: Studies in Ancient Cultural Interaction in Honour of A. Hilhorst

Knibb, Michael A. • Brill • 2003

To Pass a Rope through the Eye of a Needle: The Influence of Byzantine Catenae and Homiliaries on the Greek, Church Slavonic, and Old Romanian Readings of Matthew 19,24

Pirtea, Adrian C. • Studies on Language and Culture in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 37 • 2021

Wisdom, Cosmos, and Cultus in the Book of Sirach

Schmidt, Andrew Jordan • De Gruyter • 2019

‘But Let Justice Roll Down like Waters, and Righteousness like an Ever-flowing Stream’ (Am 5:24). Social Justice versus Cult Criticism in Amos (5:21–24) and Isaiah (1:10–20): A Trauma Perspective

Groenewald, Alphonso • HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 75 (3) • 2019

“The Divine Warrior in Israel's Early Cult” in Alexander Altmann (ed.) Biblical Motifs: Origins and Transformations

Cross, Frank Moore • Harvard University Press • 1966

Quick Search

Find connections by text or reference

Search texts, references, and tags

Go to Intertext