Texts in Conversation
In Genesis 8, the water is described covering the entire earth, using language similar to Sargon's conquest of all the land in the Sargon Geography. This type of exaggeration may describe the importance of the event rather than literal geography.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
The Sargon Geography 31–32
Ancient Near East, Assyrian
31 Sargon, king of the world, conquered all the land under heaven; 32 he marked out its borders and measured its perimeter.
Date: 800–600 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Genesis 8:9
Hebrew Bible
8 Then Noah sent out a dove to see if the waters had receded from the surface of the ground. 9 The dove could not find a resting place for its feet because water still covered the surface of the entire earth, and so it returned to Noah in the ark. He stretched out his hand, took the dove, and brought it back into the ark. 10 He waited seven more days and then sent out the dove again from the ark.
Date: 750–400 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... The geographical extent of the flood is described in a variety of ways: “all the high mountains under the entire heavens were covered” (Genesis 7:19) “covered the mountains to a depth of more than fifteen cubits” (Gen 7:20) “there was water over all the surface of the earth” (Genesis 8:9) Several factors, however, make these statements less specific than we might imagine. In keeping with the use of hyperbole, the rhetoric of universalism can be attested in numerous places in the Bible (for a few examples see Genesis 41:57; Exodus 9:6 [compare Exodus 9:19]; Deuteronomy 2:25). Examples in ancient literature that use universalistic language rhetorically are not difficult to find. A text known as Sargon’s Geography states, “Sargon, King of the Universe, conquered the totality of the land under heaven” ..."
Tremper Longman III and John H. Walton, The Lost World of the Flood: Mythology, Theology, and the Deluge Debate (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2018), 48.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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