"... Unlike other figures of speech, irony is not easily identified, and it is more difficult to comprehend its meaning in the Scriptures. A text with irony makes it more complex for the implied reader to understand the speaker’s utterance, than it does for the intended audience, that could at least associate the appropriate irony of their time with its techniques of communication for better interpretation ... we have discovered at least nine figures of speech; and irony has been used in the book very frequently. This shows that Amos’s discourses were much influenced by the stylistic device of irony. Beyond ironised figures of thought, ironic metaphor, ironic simile, ironic wordplay and irony use of rhetorical, irony has been used in its diverse characteristics as ‘irony of encouragement’ (Amos 4:4–5), ‘irony of mockery’ (Amos 4:4–5), ‘irony of benediction’ (Amos 4:4–5), ‘irony of ambiguity’ (Amos 4:6–11), ‘irony of doxology’ (Amos 4:13, 5:8–9, 9:5–6) and ‘dramatic or situational irony’ (Amos 5:18–20; 6:9–10; 8:4–6; 9:1). Stylistically, one can observe how much the expression of irony has dominated the oracles of Amos ..."