"... in the overall flow of the Book of the Twelve, Joel provides a template for repentance, along with Jonah inserting a vision of hope for repentance into the first half of the book of the Twelve where there is little optimism expressed by the prophets over human ability to repent. Joel focuses particularly on the role that priests should play in promoting penitence, but it is clear from Zechariah 7–8 that while the priests seem to be in charge of promoting lament, they are not promoting repentance, so that God will not answer them and they will not move from fasts to feasts. Thus, we see in Joel the agenda for repentance and in Zechariah 7–8 a confrontation of the priests over their lack of fulfillment of this agenda (Compare Joel 2:12–14 as “a kind of intermediate step” between the call to return in Hosea 14 and the calls in Zechariah 1:3; Malachi 3:7) ... This similarity between the books of Joel and Zechariah is also apparent in the other two books of Haggai-Malachi corpus. Haggai also emphasizes the need for repentance, related to a major agricultural crisis and to priests who are sacrificing for a people who are not penitent. As with Joel there is an expansion from an initial transformation on the historical level (Haggai 2:19b) to a more cosmic and eschatological level (2:20–23). Similarly, Malachi emphasizes the theme of repentance related to priests and community, with some connections to Joel in terms of inappropriate sacrifices and weeping / mourning over the altar with a lack of repentance and priestly involvement. As with the other books there is a shift to the eschatological and cosmic level in Malachi 3 ..."