Texts in Conversation
In 1 Corinthians 11, Paul explains gender and head coverings by reworking the Genesis creation stories. Genesis Rabbah uses a similar approach, reading the two creation accounts together to address how men and women relate to one another.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1 Corinthains 11:11
New Testament
8 For man did not come from woman, but woman from man. 9 Neither was man created for the sake of woman, but woman for man. 10 For this reason a woman should have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. 11 In any case, in the Lord woman is not independent of man, nor is man independent of woman. 12 For just as woman came from man, so man comes through woman. But all things come from God. 13 Judge for yourselves: Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered? 14 Does not nature itself teach you that if a man has long hair, it is a disgrace for him, 15 but if a woman has long hair, it is her glory? For her hair is given to her for a covering.
Genesis Rabbah 22:2
Aggadah
Rabbinic
twin sister and Abel and his two twin sisters. “And said: I have acquired a man with [et] the Lord” – when a woman bears children, she says: I have now acquired my husband into my possession. Rabbi Yishmael asked Rabbi Akiva, saying to him: Because you studied under Naḥum of Gam Zo for twenty-two years, [who taught:] The words akh and rak are restrictive expressions, et and gam are inclusive expressions, [I ask you:] What is the meaning of the et that is written here? He said: Had it been written: Kaniti ish Hashem it would have been difficult, so instead, it stated “with God” [et Hashem]. He said to him: “For it is not an empty matter for you [mikem]” (Deuteronomy 32:47) – if it is empty, it is because of you [mikem], because you do not know how to expound. Rather, et Hashem – previously, Adam was created from earth and Eve was created from Adam. But from now on, [Eve said,] offspring will come about in our image and in our likeness – a man will not [produce offspring] without woman, nor will a woman without a man, nor both of them without the Divine Presence.
Date: 500 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... In 1 Cor 11:2-16 Paul is concerned to correct the Corinthians' interpretation of his preaching on liberty in Christ and its consequent reprehensible practice. On the basis of their Jewish-Hellenistic approach to Paul's earlier teaching on the unity of man and woman in Christ, the Corinthian spirituals considered that they had been transformed into the image of the one who is beyond gender. Accordingly, they believed that customary gender-specific hairdressing and apparel no longer expressed their new life. Thus in pneumatic worship they disregarded the related cultural norms. Paul's midrashic intertextual strategy for dealing with the practical issue at Corinth is to retextualize the first account of creation, which had formed the basis of their misunderstanding, with the second. This strategy allowed Paul, through illuminating the original text, to clarify his proclamation and thereby to address the problematic situation. Through a midrashic recombination of the two creation stories Paul interprets their meaning in the context of the situation at Corinth. What he highlights through his midrash is that God intended there to be two distinct genders who would live in harmony in the Lord. (As Genesis Rabbah demonstrates, this use of the creation stories to teach about salvation at the end of days was typical also of later midrashic writing) ..."
Jervis, L. Ann
"But I Want You to Know...": Paul’s Midrashic Intertextual Response to the Corinthian Worshipers (1 Cor 11:2-16)
(pp. 231-246) Journal of Biblical Literature, 1993
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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