2 Samuel 23:3

Hebrew Bible

2 The Lord’s Spirit spoke through me;his word was on my tongue. 3 The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel spoke to me. The one who rules fairly among men, the one who rules in the fear of God, 4 is like the light of morning when the sun comes up, a morning in which there are no clouds. He is like the brightness after rain that produces grass from the earth.

LXX 2 Samuel 23:3

Septuagint

2 Faithful is David the son of Jessæ, and faithful the man whom the Lord raised up to be the anointed of the God of Jacob, and beautiful are the psalms of Israel. 3 The Spirit of the Lord spoke by me, and his word was upon my tongue. 4 The God of Israel says, A watchman out of Israel spoke to me a parable: I said among men, How will ye strengthen the fear of the anointed?

 Notes and References

"... The avoiding of the metaphor רוצ (“rock”) in the Septuagint is a well-known phenomenon. The usual LXX practice of replacing the word by ὁ θεός is missing in the Septuagint of Samuel. The renderings within the Septuagint of Samuel presuppose Hebrew words ... 2 Samuel 22:2; 2 Samuel 23:3 ... Due to similar reasons, the transmitters of the Targum also altered this ... None of these Targumic renderings has an analogy in the readings presupposed in the source texts of the Septuagint. Perhaps the translator of the Septuagint had already a source text including the variants mentioned which graphically come close to the Hebrew (i.e., the Hebrew scribe chose terms in graphical closeness to the Vorlage), whereas perhaps the Targumist did not possess such a source text, and he felt forced to change the text by translating. The results are different, but the rationale for changing the text within transmission or translation is the same. Not text-critical genealogy but theological analogy offers the starting point for the explanation of difficulties in the text. We can ask: Why did the (scribe and the) translators alter the text? From my point of view, the answer is simple: You cannot pray to a rock ..."

Meiser, Martin The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (pp. 73-74) Mohr Siebeck, 2022

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