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Rabbinic

Midrash

Babylonian Talmud

Minor Tractate

Aggadah

Jerusalem Talmud

Halakhic Midrash

Mishnah

Commentary

Liturgy

Tosefta

About this tradition

The rabbinic movement is often credited with the reinvention of Judaism in the wake of the Roman destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. The literature of this movement was produced orally by a network of Rabbis who lived roughly between the final years of the Second Temple and the Islamic (Umayyad) conquests of the seventh and eighth centuries CE. The earliest group of Rabbis, periodized as the Tannaim (ca. 70–200 CE), engaged in study practices that produced two general types of text: midrash and mishnah. Midrash is the creative interpretation of the Tanakh, and mishnah is the formulation of statutes that clearly and unequivocally assert a legal requirement or theological principle.

Barry Wimpfheimer, “Rabbinic Literature: Mishnah and Talmuds,” in The Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture, ed. Judith R. Baskin (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 509.

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