Comparing Groups
New Testament
Deuterocanon
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Reverse ComparisonMatthew
Matthew 4:4
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Wisdom of Solomon 16:26
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Matthew 4:4
Matthew 4:15
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1 Maccabees 5:15
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Matthew 4:15
Matthew 5:3
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Sirach 25:8
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Matthew 5:3
Matthew 5:4
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Sirach 48:24
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Matthew 5:4
Matthew 5:18
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Baruch 4:1
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Matthew 5:18
Matthew 5:28
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Sirach 9:8
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Matthew 5:28
Matthew 5:42
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Sirach 4:4
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Matthew 5:42
Matthew 5:45
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Sirach 4:10
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Matthew 5:45
Matthew 6:3
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Tobit 12:8
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Matthew 6:3
Matthew 6:7
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Sirach 7:14
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Matthew 6:7
Matthew 6:10
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1 Maccabees 3:60
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Matthew 6:10
Matthew 6:12
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Sirach 28:2
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Matthew 6:12
Matthew 6:13
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Sirach 23:5
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Matthew 6:13
Matthew 6:20
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Sirach 29:11
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Matthew 6:20
Matthew 6:20
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Tobit 4:9
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Matthew 6:20
Matthew 6:22
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Sirach 23:19
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Matthew 6:22
Matthew 6:23
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Sirach 14:8
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Matthew 6:23
Matthew 6:23
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Sirach 18:18
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Matthew 6:23
Matthew 6:24
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Sirach 31:8
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Matthew 6:24
Matthew 6:33
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:11
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Matthew 6:33
Matthew 6:33
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1 Maccabees 2:29
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Matthew 6:33
Matthew 7:7
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Wisdom of Solomon 6:12
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Matthew 7:7
Matthew 7:12
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Tobit 4:15
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Matthew 7:12
Matthew 7:12
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Sirach 31:15
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Matthew 7:12
Matthew 7:13
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Sirach 21:10
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Matthew 7:13
Matthew 7:16
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Sirach 27:6
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Matthew 7:16
Matthew 7:19
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Sirach 27:6
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Matthew 7:19
Matthew 8:11
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Baruch 4:36
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Matthew 8:11
Matthew 8:20
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Sirach 36:31
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Matthew 8:20
Matthew 8:21
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Tobit 4:3
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Matthew 8:21
Matthew 8:27
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2 Maccabees 9:8
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Matthew 8:27
Matthew 9:17
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Sirach 9:10
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Matthew 9:17
Matthew 9:36
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Judith 11:19
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Matthew 9:36
Matthew 10:16
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Sirach 13:17
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Matthew 10:16
Matthew 11:11
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Sirach 48:10
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Matthew 11:11
Matthew 11:28
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Sirach 51:23
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Matthew 11:28
Matthew 11:29
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Sirach 6:28
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Matthew 11:29
Matthew 12:33
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Sirach 27:4
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Matthew 12:33
Matthew 12:41
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Wisdom of Solomon 4:16
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Matthew 12:41
Matthew 13:3
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Sirach 40:15
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Matthew 13:3
Matthew 13:44
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Sirach 20:30
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Matthew 13:44
Matthew 16:18
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Wisdom of Solomon 16:13
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Matthew 16:18
Matthew 16:27
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Sirach 35:22
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Matthew 16:27
Matthew 17:11
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Sirach 48:10
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Matthew 17:11
Matthew 18:20
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2 Maccabees 14:35
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Matthew 18:20
Matthew 18:23
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Sirach 28:1
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Matthew 18:23
Matthew 19:21
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Tobit 4:8
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Matthew 19:21
Matthew 21:16
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Wisdom of Solomon 10:21
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Matthew 21:16
Matthew 22:13
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Wisdom of Solomon 17:2
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Matthew 22:13
Matthew 23:9
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Tobit 13:4
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Matthew 23:9
Matthew 23:36
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Tobit 14:4
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Matthew 23:36
Matthew 24:16
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1 Maccabees 2:28
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Matthew 24:16
Matthew 24:51
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Judith 16:17
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Matthew 24:51
Matthew 25:35
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Sirach 7:32
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Matthew 25:35
Matthew 26:38
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Sirach 37:2
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Matthew 26:38
Matthew 27:24
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Susanna 1:46
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Matthew 27:24
Matthew 27:43
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Wisdom of Solomon 2:18
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Matthew 27:43
Mark
Luke
Luke 1:17
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Sirach 48:10
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Luke 1:17
Luke 1:19
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Tobit 12:15
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Luke 1:19
Luke 1:42
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Judith 13:18
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Luke 1:42
Luke 1:52
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Sirach 10:14
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Luke 1:52
Luke 2:14
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Sirach 16:18
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Luke 2:14
Luke 2:27
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Tobit 11:9
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Luke 2:27
Luke 7:35
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:27
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Luke 7:35
Luke 11:41
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Tobit 12:9
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Luke 11:41
Luke 12:19
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Sirach 11:19
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Luke 12:19
Luke 12:56
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Wisdom of Solomon 8:8
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Luke 12:56
Luke 13:29
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Baruch 4:37
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Luke 13:29
Luke 13:29
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Baruch 5:5
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Luke 13:29
Luke 14:13
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Tobit 2:2
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Luke 14:13
Luke 15:12
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Sirach 33:23
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Luke 15:12
Luke 16:9
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Sirach 5:8
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Luke 16:9
Luke 18:3
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Sirach 35:17
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Luke 18:3
Luke 19:44
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Wisdom of Solomon 3:7
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Luke 19:44
Luke 21:25
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Wisdom of Solomon 5:22
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Luke 21:25
Luke 24:4
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2 Maccabees 3:26
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Luke 24:4
Luke 24:50
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Sirach 50:20
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Luke 24:50
John
John 1:1
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Wisdom of Solomon 9:9
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John 1:1
John 1:3
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Sirach 42:15
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John 1:3
John 1:5
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:29
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John 1:5
John 1:10
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Sirach 24:28
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John 1:10
John 1:12
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Sirach 4:10
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John 1:12
John 1:14
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Baruch 3:37
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John 1:14
John 1:14
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Sirach 24:8
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John 1:14
John 3:8
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Sirach 16:21
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John 3:8
John 3:12
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Wisdom of Solomon 9:16
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John 3:12
John 3:21
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Tobit 4:6
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John 3:21
John 5:18
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Wisdom of Solomon 2:16
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John 5:18
John 6:35
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Sirach 15:3
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John 6:35
John 8:12
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:4
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John 8:12
John 8:44
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Wisdom of Solomon 2:24
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John 8:44
John 9:2
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Sirach 41:5
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John 9:2
John 10:22
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1 Maccabees 4:59
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John 10:22
John 12:13
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2 Maccabees 10:7
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John 12:13
John 14:15
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Wisdom of Solomon 6:18
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John 14:15
John 17:3
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Wisdom of Solomon 15:3
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John 17:3
John 21:25
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1 Maccabees 9:22
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John 21:25
Acts
Acts 2:1
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Tobit 2:1
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Acts 2:1
Acts 2:3
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Sirach 36:6
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Acts 2:3
Acts 7:11
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Judith 5:10
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Acts 7:11
Acts 10:2
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Tobit 14:2
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Acts 10:2
Acts 10:14
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Tobit 1:11
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Acts 10:14
Acts 12:23
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2 Maccabees 9:5
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Acts 12:23
Acts 16:14
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2 Maccabees 1:4
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Acts 16:14
Acts 17:26
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Tobit 8:6
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Acts 17:26
Acts 17:30
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Wisdom of Solomon 11:23
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Acts 17:30
Acts 20:35
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Tobit 12:8
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Acts 20:35
Acts 20:35
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Sirach 4:31
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Acts 20:35
Acts 23:8
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Sirach 14:1
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Acts 23:8
Romans
Romans 1:20
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Wisdom of Solomon 13:1
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Romans 1:20
Romans 1:23
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Wisdom of Solomon 11:15
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Romans 1:23
Romans 1:24
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Wisdom of Solomon 14:22
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Romans 1:24
Romans 1:26
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Wisdom of Solomon 14:26
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Romans 1:26
Romans 2:4
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Wisdom of Solomon 15:1
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Romans 2:4
Romans 2:4
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Wisdom of Solomon 11:23
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Romans 2:4
Romans 5:12
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Wisdom of Solomon 2:23
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Romans 5:12
Romans 9:18
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Tobit 4:19
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Romans 9:18
Romans 9:19
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Wisdom of Solomon 12:12
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Romans 9:19
Romans 9:21
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Sirach 33:13
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Romans 9:21
Romans 9:21
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Wisdom of Solomon 15:7
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Romans 9:21
Romans 10:6
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Baruch 3:29
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Romans 10:6
Romans 10:6
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Baruch 3:29
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Romans 10:6
Romans 12:15
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Sirach 7:34
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Romans 12:15
Romans 13:1
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Wisdom of Solomon 6:3
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Romans 13:1
Romans 13:1
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Sirach 10:4
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Romans 13:1
Romans 15:4
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1 Maccabees 12:9
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Romans 15:4
1 Corinthians
1 Corinthians 1:24
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:24
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1 Corinthians 1:24
1 Corinthians 6:2
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Wisdom of Solomon 3:8
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1 Corinthians 6:2
1 Corinthians 6:12
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Sirach 37:28
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1 Corinthians 6:12
1 Corinthians 10:10
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:20
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1 Corinthians 10:10
1 Corinthians 10:20
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Baruch 4:7
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1 Corinthians 10:20
1 Corinthians 11:29
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Sirach 16:14
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1 Corinthians 11:29
1 Corinthians 15:28
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Sirach 43:27
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1 Corinthians 15:28
1 Corinthians 15:29
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2 Maccabees 12:44
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1 Corinthians 15:29
1 Corinthians 15:53
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Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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1 Corinthians 15:53
1 Corinthians 15:53
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Wisdom of Solomon 3:4
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1 Corinthians 15:53
2 Corinthians
2 Corinthians 3:18
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:26
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2 Corinthians 3:18
2 Corinthians 5:4
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Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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2 Corinthians 5:4
2 Corinthians 8:12
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Tobit 4:8
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2 Corinthians 8:12
2 Corinthians 9:7
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Sirach 35:11
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2 Corinthians 9:7
2 Corinthians 12:2
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Sirach 16:18
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2 Corinthians 12:2
2 Corinthians 13:7
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Sirach 4:21
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2 Corinthians 13:7
2 Corinthians 13:8
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Sirach 4:25
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2 Corinthians 13:8
Galatians
Galatians 1:14
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2 Maccabees 2:21
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Galatians 1:14
Galatians 3:1
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Wisdom of Solomon 4:12
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Galatians 3:1
Galatians 4:3
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:17
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Galatians 4:3
Galatians 4:26
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Baruch 4:8
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Galatians 4:26
Galatians 5:12
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1 Maccabees 2:46
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Galatians 5:12
Galatians 5:17
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Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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Galatians 5:17
Galatians 6:10
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Judith 4:15
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Galatians 6:10
Ephesians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Hebrews
Hebrews 1:3
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:25
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Hebrews 1:3
Hebrews 4:12
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Wisdom of Solomon 7:23
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Hebrews 4:12
Hebrews 4:12
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:15
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Hebrews 4:12
Hebrews 8:5
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Wisdom of Solomon 9:8
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2 Baruch 2:3
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Hebrews 8:5
Hebrews 11:2
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Sirach 44:1
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Hebrews 11:2
Hebrews 11:35
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2 Maccabees 7:23
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Hebrews 11:35
Hebrews 12:9
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2 Maccabees 3:24
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Hebrews 12:9
James
James 1:2
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Sirach 33:1
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James 1:2
James 1:2
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Wisdom of Solomon 3:5
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James 1:2
James 1:2
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Sirach 2:1
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James 1:2
James 1:3
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Sirach 2:1
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James 1:3
James 1:13
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Sirach 15:11
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James 1:13
James 1:19
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Sirach 5:11
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James 1:19
James 1:27
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Sirach 4:10
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James 1:27
James 1:27
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Sirach 35:15
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James 1:27
James 2:21
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Sirach 44:20
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James 2:21
James 2:21
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1 Maccabees 2:52
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James 2:21
James 3:2
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Sirach 14:1
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James 3:2
James 3:6
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Sirach 5:13
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James 3:6
James 3:6
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Sirach 28:12
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James 3:6
James 3:9
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Sirach 23:7
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James 3:9
James 5:3
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Sirach 29:10
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James 5:3
James 5:3
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Sirach 12:10
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James 5:3
James 5:4
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Tobit 4:14
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James 5:4
James 5:6
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Wisdom of Solomon 2:12
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James 5:6
James 5:14
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Sirach 38:9
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James 5:14
James 5:20
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Tobit 12:9
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James 5:20
James 5:20
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Sirach 3:3
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James 5:20
1 Peter
2 Peter
Revelation
Revelation 1:4
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Tobit 12:15
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Revelation 1:4
Revelation 1:11
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Tobit 12:20
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Revelation 1:11
Revelation 1:17
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Tobit 12:16
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Revelation 1:17
Revelation 1:18
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Sirach 18:1
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Revelation 1:18
Revelation 2:10
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Wisdom of Solomon 5:15
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Revelation 2:10
Revelation 2:12
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:15
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Revelation 2:12
Revelation 2:17
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2 Maccabees 2:5
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Revelation 2:17
Revelation 4:11
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Sirach 18:1
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Revelation 4:11
Revelation 7:9
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2 Maccabees 10:7
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Revelation 7:9
Revelation 7:9
/
Tobit 14:6
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Revelation 7:9
Revelation 7:9
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1 Maccabees 13:51
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Revelation 7:9
Revelation 8:1
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:14
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Revelation 8:1
Revelation 8:2
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Tobit 12:12
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Revelation 8:2
Revelation 8:7
/
Sirach 39:29
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Revelation 8:7
Revelation 8:7
/
Wisdom of Solomon 16:23
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Revelation 8:7
Revelation 9:3
/
Sirach 39:30
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Revelation 9:3
Revelation 9:3
/
Wisdom of Solomon 16:9
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Revelation 9:3
Revelation 11:19
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2 Maccabees 2:5
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Revelation 11:19
Revelation 13:17
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1 Maccabees 13:49
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Revelation 13:17
Revelation 18:2
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Baruch 4:35
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Revelation 18:2
Revelation 18:3
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Sirach 26:29
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Revelation 18:3
Revelation 19:11
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2 Maccabees 3:25
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Revelation 19:11
Revelation 19:11
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2 Maccabees 11:8
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Revelation 19:11
Revelation 19:15
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:15
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Revelation 19:15
Revelation 21:18
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Tobit 13:16
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Revelation 21:18
Apocrypha, Deuterocanon, and the New Testament
... for two thousand years the church still has not agreed on the scope of its Bible - even if there is wide agreement on most of it. Today there are four different Old Testament canons current in the Christian church, namely those in the Eastern Orthodox (both Greek and Russian), Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Ethiopian churches. Likewise, there are multiple collections of sacred books in antiquity that are often similar in content, but not entirely so. Most of these differences were present before the fourth century, but some came later. Then as now, the books that one religious community calls apocryphal or even pseudepigraphal (thereby dismissing them), another religious community welcomes as scripture. In addition, the books in question have changed from time to time.
Current research suggests that the larger collections of Old or First Testament writings containing the so-called apocryphal books were more common in the early churches and in Second Temple Judaism than the more limited collection of biblical books in the later Jewish Hebrew Bible and Protestant Old/First Testament. The diverse opinions about the scope of the biblical canon are no doubt rooted in the complexity of the traditions surrounding the origins of the Bible, and what makes matters even more challenging is that there are no ancient documents that explain when the process of canonization began, when it ended, or even what a biblical canon is. Most scholarly conclusions about this process depend upon the inferential evidence stemming from a few well known ancient texts rather than upon explicit statements or discussions in antiquity.
Current research suggests that the larger collections of Old or First Testament writings containing the so-called apocryphal books were more common in the early churches and in Second Temple Judaism than the more limited collection of biblical books in the later Jewish Hebrew Bible and Protestant Old/First Testament. The diverse opinions about the scope of the biblical canon are no doubt rooted in the complexity of the traditions surrounding the origins of the Bible, and what makes matters even more challenging is that there are no ancient documents that explain when the process of canonization began, when it ended, or even what a biblical canon is. Most scholarly conclusions about this process depend upon the inferential evidence stemming from a few well known ancient texts rather than upon explicit statements or discussions in antiquity.
McDonald, Lee Martin "Jude's Citation of 1 Enoch" in Charlesworth, James H. and Lee M. McDonald (eds.) Jewish and Christian Scriptures: The Function of “Canonical” and “Non-Canonical” Religious Texts (p. 9) T&T Clark, 2010
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