Tobit 12:15
Deuterocanon
14 I was sent to you to test you. And at the same time God sent me to heal you and Sarah your daughter-in-law. 15 I am Raphael, one of the seven angels who stand ready and enter before the glory of the Lord." 16 The two of them were shaken; they fell face down, for they were afraid. 17 But he said to them, "Do not be afraid; peace be with you. Bless God forevermore.
Date: 225-175 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Luke 1:19
New Testament
18 Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is old as well.” 19 The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news. 20 And behold61 because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their time, you will be silent, unable to speak, until the day these things take place.”
Date: 75-85 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... Scholars have long noted that parallels between Tobit and New Testament texts are particularly prominent in the realm of angelology. Raphael (Tobit 12:15) refers to himself as one of the seven angels (GI refers to “holy angels”) who stand in attendance in the presence of the Lord or Holy One. This notion of angels standing in the presence of God is found elsewhere (Testament of Levi 3:4-8; Luke 1:19; and Revelation 4:5; 8:2), sometimes with the precise phrase “angels of the presence” (Jubilees 2:2, 18; 1QH 14:13; 1Q28b 4:25-26). The tradition of an especially distinguished order of seven angels is not found in the Old Testament but does appear in John’s Apocalypse (Revelation 8:2; compare 1:4; 4:5) and other Jewish literature of this period (Testament of Levi 3:5; 1 Enoch 71:8-9) ..."
Skemp, Vincent
"Avenues of Intertextuality between Tobit and the New Testament" in Corley, Jeremy (ed.) Intertextual Studies in Ben Sira and Tobit: Essays in Honor of Alexander A. Di Lella
(pp. 43-70) Catholic Biblical Association of America, 2005
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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