Texts in Conversation
Sirach attributes the origin of sin and death to Eve, echoing an interpretation of Genesis. 1 Timothy similarly recalls the creation story, noting that Adam was not deceived but the woman was, reinforcing the same pattern of attribution.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Sirach 25:24
Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
Deuterocanon
23 A wicked woman is abasement of heart, sadness of face, and a wounded heart. A woman who won’t make her husband happy is like hands that hang down, and weak knees. 24 The beginning of sin came from a woman. Because of her, we all die. 25 Don’t give water an outlet, and don’t give a wicked woman freedom of speech. 26 If she doesn’t go as you direct, cut her away from your flesh.
Date: 195–180 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
1 Timothy 2:14
New Testament
12 But I do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man. She must remain quiet. 13 For Adam was formed first and then Eve. 14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman, because she was fully deceived, fell into transgression. 15 But she will be delivered through childbearing, if she continues in faith and love and holiness with self-control.
Date: 90–100 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... That Paul had in mind Genesis 2-3 in these passages is therefore hardly open to dispute. What is also interesting is the degree to which his use of Genesis was influenced by the reflection that the same passage had already stimulated or was already stimulating within Second Temple Judaism. This is most evident in the link already well established in Second Temple thought between Adam and death, and in the thought of Adam's as the original sin, sometimes also with Eve explicitly blamed ..."
James D. G. Dunn, “Adam in Paul,” in The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins: Essays from the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema and James H. Charlesworth, Jewish and Christian Texts in Contexts and Related Studies 4 (New York: T&T Clark International, 2008), 122.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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