"... In Jewish mental maps Jerusalem was both at the centre of the world and at the centre of the diaspora, and the diaspora was often said to be in the east and the west (since these two directions were the most obvious ones in this case: Zechariah 8:7; Baruch 4:37; 5:5) or in all four directions from Jerusalem (Zechariah 2:12; Isaiah 11:12; 43:5-6; 49:12; Psalm 107:3; Psalms of Solomon 1:2-3). Such a list, together with the phrase Luke uses in Acts 2:5, could well bring to mind the hope of the return of all the exiles. 2 Maccabees 2:18 expresses the hope that God 'will gather us from everywhere under heaven into his holy place,' probably echoing the classic treatment of exile and restoration in the Torah: Deuteronomy 30:4-5 (compare Deuteronomy 2:25; 4:19). Most of the passages just cited as locating the diaspora in two or four directions from Jerusalem are in fact descriptions of the exiles' return from these directions to Jerusalem. Luke himself includes just such a description in a saying of Jesus: 'people will come from east and west, from north and south, and will eat in the kingdom of God' (Luke 13:29). Both Luke's version with four points of the compass and Matthew's with only two (Matthew 8:11) have precedents in Jewish literature, but Luke's four directions accord with his own geographical outline of the diaspora in Acts 2:9-11 ..."