Texts in Conversation
In Tobit, giving to the poor is said to save from death and remove sin. In Luke, Jesus uses similar language, where generosity is connected with the language of purity. The similarity suggests they share a common Jewish tradition.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Tobit 12:9
Deuterocanon
6 Then he called them both privately, and said to them, Bless God, and give him thanks in the sight of all that live, for the good things which he has done to you, to bless and praise his name. The words of God show forth to all men with honour and do not be slack to give him thanks. 7 It is good to keep close the secret of a king, but to confess and reveal the works of God. And confess them with honour. Do the good, and evil shall not find you. 8 Better is prayer with truth, and alms with righteousness than riches with unrighteousness; it is better to give alms than to lay up gold: 9 almsgiving does deliver from death, and it purges away all sin. They that do alms shall be fed with life; 10 they that commit sin and unrighteousness are enemies to their own life.
Date: 225–175 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Luke 11:41
New Testament
39 But the Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and the plate, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness. 40 You fools! Didn’t the one who made the outside make the inside as well? 41 But give from your heart to those in need, and then everything will be clean for you. 42 “But woe to you Pharisees! You give a tenth of your mint, rue, and every herb, yet you neglect justice and love for God! But you should have done these things without neglecting the others. 43 Woe to you Pharisees! You love the best seats in the synagogues and elaborate greetings in the marketplaces!
Date: 75–85 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Among early Christian proponents of atoning almsgiving, Luke 11:41, along with 1 Peter 4:8, is one of the most oft-cited texts among the writings that came to be called the “New Testament” in support of the notion that the practice of ἐλεημοσύνη can cleanse sin. In Jesus’ conversation with an unnamed Pharisee at a meal hosted by that Pharisee, Jesus responds to his host’s astonishment that he does not wash before the meal English translations of Luke 11:41, perhaps reflecting a concern lest the text be read to suggest that almsgiving itself purifies, have often struggled over the phrase τὰ ἐνόντα δότε ἐλεημοσύνην, generally preferring to view the construction as a double accusative of object-complement so that Jesus enjoins giving as alms the things inside (e.g., ESV: “But give as alms those things that are within”) or giving alms in expression of what is truly within those commissioned to give (e.g., CEB: “Therefore, give to those in need from the core of who you are and you will be clean all over”). Yet careful attention to the narrative context suggests that translations like the ESV (“give as alms those things that are within”) make little sense, since Jesus has just said in verse 39 that the inside of the Pharisees is full of greed and wickedness (τὸ δὲ ἔσωθεν ὑμῶν γέμει ἁρπαγῆς καὶ πονηρίας). How can greed and wickedness be given as alms? ..."
David J. Downs, Alms: Charity, Reward, and Atonement in Early Christianity (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016), 125–129.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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