Comparing Groups
Deuterocanon
New Testament
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Explore the connections between the Deuterocanon and New Testament in an interactive visualization.
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Reverse ComparisonTobit
Tobit 1:11
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Acts 10:14
Tobit 2:1
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Acts 2:1
Tobit 2:2
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Luke 14:13
Tobit 3:8
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Mark 12:20
Tobit 4:3
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Matthew 8:21
Tobit 4:6
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John 3:21
Tobit 4:8
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Matthew 19:21
Tobit 4:8
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Mark 12:43
Tobit 4:8
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2 Corinthians 8:12
Tobit 4:9
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Matthew 6:20
Tobit 4:9
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1 Timothy 6:19
Tobit 4:14
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James 5:4
Tobit 4:15
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Matthew 7:12
Tobit 4:15
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Ephesians 5:18
Tobit 4:19
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Romans 9:18
Tobit 8:6
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Acts 17:26
Tobit 11:9
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Luke 2:27
Tobit 12:8
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Acts 20:35
Tobit 12:8
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Matthew 6:3
Tobit 12:9
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James 5:20
Tobit 12:9
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1 Peter 4:8
Tobit 12:9
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Luke 11:41
Tobit 12:12
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Revelation 8:2
Tobit 12:15
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Revelation 1:4
Tobit 12:15
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Luke 1:19
Tobit 12:16
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Revelation 1:17
Tobit 12:20
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Revelation 1:11
Tobit 13:4
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Matthew 23:9
Tobit 13:16
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Revelation 21:18
Tobit 14:2
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Acts 10:2
Tobit 14:4
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Matthew 23:36
Tobit 14:6
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Revelation 7:9
Tobit 14:6
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1 Thessalonians 1:9
Tobit 14:10
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Jude 1:13
Judith
Wisdom of Solomon
Wisdom of Solomon 1:7
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Colossians 1:17
Wisdom of Solomon 2:12
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James 5:6
Wisdom of Solomon 2:16
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John 5:18
Wisdom of Solomon 2:18
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Matthew 27:43
Wisdom of Solomon 2:23
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Romans 5:12
Wisdom of Solomon 2:24
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John 8:44
Wisdom of Solomon 3:4
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1 Peter 1:5
Wisdom of Solomon 3:4
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1 Corinthians 15:53
Wisdom of Solomon 3:5
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James 1:2
Wisdom of Solomon 3:6
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1 Peter 1:7
Wisdom of Solomon 3:7
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Luke 19:44
Wisdom of Solomon 3:8
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1 Corinthians 6:2
Wisdom of Solomon 4:12
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Galatians 3:1
Wisdom of Solomon 4:16
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Matthew 12:41
Wisdom of Solomon 5:15
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Revelation 2:10
Wisdom of Solomon 5:16
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2 Timothy 4:8
Wisdom of Solomon 5:17
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Ephesians 6:13
Wisdom of Solomon 5:18
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1 Thessalonians 5:8
Wisdom of Solomon 5:22
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Luke 21:25
Wisdom of Solomon 6:3
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Romans 13:1
Wisdom of Solomon 6:12
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Matthew 7:7
Wisdom of Solomon 6:18
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John 14:15
Wisdom of Solomon 7:7
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Ephesians 1:17
Wisdom of Solomon 7:11
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Matthew 6:33
Wisdom of Solomon 7:22
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Colossians 1:15
Wisdom of Solomon 7:23
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Hebrews 4:12
Wisdom of Solomon 7:24
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1 Corinthians 1:24
Wisdom of Solomon 7:25
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Hebrews 1:3
Wisdom of Solomon 7:26
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2 Corinthians 3:18
Wisdom of Solomon 7:27
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Luke 7:35
Wisdom of Solomon 7:29
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John 1:5
Wisdom of Solomon 8:8
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Luke 12:56
Wisdom of Solomon 9:8
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2 Baruch 2:3
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Hebrews 8:5
Wisdom of Solomon 9:9
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John 1:1
Wisdom of Solomon 9:9
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Colossians 1:16
Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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1 Corinthians 15:53
Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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2 Corinthians 5:4
Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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Galatians 5:17
Wisdom of Solomon 9:15
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2 Peter 1:13
Wisdom of Solomon 9:16
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John 3:12
Wisdom of Solomon 10:6
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2 Peter 2:7
Wisdom of Solomon 10:21
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Matthew 21:16
Wisdom of Solomon 11:15
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Romans 1:23
Wisdom of Solomon 11:15
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Jude 1:10
Wisdom of Solomon 11:23
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Romans 2:4
Wisdom of Solomon 11:23
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Acts 17:30
Wisdom of Solomon 12:12
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Romans 9:19
Wisdom of Solomon 12:13
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1 Peter 5:7
Wisdom of Solomon 12:20
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2 Peter 3:9
Wisdom of Solomon 13:1
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Romans 1:20
Wisdom of Solomon 14:22
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Romans 1:24
Wisdom of Solomon 14:26
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Romans 1:26
Wisdom of Solomon 15:1
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Romans 2:4
Wisdom of Solomon 15:3
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John 17:3
Wisdom of Solomon 15:7
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Romans 9:21
Wisdom of Solomon 16:9
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Revelation 9:3
Wisdom of Solomon 16:13
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Matthew 16:18
Wisdom of Solomon 16:23
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Revelation 8:7
Wisdom of Solomon 16:26
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Matthew 4:4
Wisdom of Solomon 17:2
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Matthew 22:13
Wisdom of Solomon 18:4
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John 8:12
Wisdom of Solomon 18:14
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Revelation 8:1
Wisdom of Solomon 18:15
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Hebrews 4:12
Wisdom of Solomon 18:15
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Revelation 2:12
Wisdom of Solomon 18:15
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Revelation 19:15
Wisdom of Solomon 7:17
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Galatians 4:3
Sirach
Sirach 2:1
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James 1:2
Sirach 2:1
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James 1:3
Sirach 2:5
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1 Peter 1:7
Sirach 2:8
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Colossians 3:25
Sirach 3:3
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James 5:20
Sirach 4:4
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Matthew 5:42
Sirach 4:10
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James 1:27
Sirach 4:10
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John 1:12
Sirach 4:10
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Matthew 5:45
Sirach 4:21
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2 Corinthians 13:7
Sirach 4:25
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2 Corinthians 13:8
Sirach 4:31
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Acts 20:35
Sirach 5:8
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Luke 16:9
Sirach 5:11
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James 1:19
Sirach 5:13
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James 3:6
Sirach 6:28
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Matthew 11:29
Sirach 7:14
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Matthew 6:7
Sirach 7:32
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Matthew 25:35
Sirach 7:34
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Romans 12:15
Sirach 9:8
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Matthew 5:28
Sirach 9:10
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Matthew 9:17
Sirach 10:4
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Romans 13:1
Sirach 10:14
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Luke 1:52
Sirach 11:19
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Luke 12:19
Sirach 12:10
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James 5:3
Sirach 13:17
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Matthew 10:16
Sirach 14:1
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James 3:2
Sirach 14:1
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Acts 23:8
Sirach 14:8
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Matthew 6:23
Sirach 15:3
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John 6:35
Sirach 15:11
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James 1:13
Sirach 16:12
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1 Peter 1:17
Sirach 16:14
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1 Corinthians 11:29
Sirach 16:18
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Luke 2:14
Sirach 16:18
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2 Corinthians 12:2
Sirach 16:21
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John 3:8
Sirach 17:26
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2 Timothy 2:19
Sirach 18:1
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Revelation 1:18
Sirach 18:1
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Revelation 4:11
Sirach 18:11
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2 Peter 3:9
Sirach 18:18
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Matthew 6:23
Sirach 20:30
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Matthew 13:44
Sirach 21:10
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Matthew 7:13
Sirach 23:5
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Matthew 6:13
Sirach 23:7
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James 3:9
Sirach 23:19
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Matthew 6:22
Sirach 24:8
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John 1:14
Sirach 24:28
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John 1:10
Sirach 25:8
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Matthew 5:3
Sirach 25:24
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1 Timothy 2:14
Sirach 26:29
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Revelation 18:3
Sirach 27:4
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Matthew 12:33
Sirach 27:6
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Matthew 7:16
Sirach 27:6
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Matthew 7:19
Sirach 28:1
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Matthew 18:23
Sirach 28:2
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Matthew 6:12
Sirach 28:12
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James 3:6
Sirach 29:10
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James 5:3
Sirach 29:11
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Matthew 6:20
Sirach 31:8
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Matthew 6:24
Sirach 31:15
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Matthew 7:12
Sirach 33:1
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James 1:2
Sirach 33:13
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Romans 9:21
Sirach 33:23
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Luke 15:12
Sirach 35:11
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2 Corinthians 9:7
Sirach 35:17
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Luke 18:3
Sirach 35:22
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Matthew 16:27
Sirach 36:4
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2 Peter 3:11
Sirach 36:6
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Acts 2:3
Sirach 36:31
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Matthew 8:20
Sirach 37:2
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Matthew 26:38
Sirach 37:28
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1 Corinthians 6:12
Sirach 38:9
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James 5:14
Sirach 38:27
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1 Thessalonians 2:9
Sirach 38:27
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2 Thessalonians 3:8
Sirach 39:29
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Revelation 8:7
Sirach 39:30
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Revelation 9:3
Sirach 40:15
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Matthew 13:3
Sirach 41:5
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John 9:2
Sirach 42:15
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John 1:3
Sirach 43:26
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Colossians 1:17
Sirach 43:27
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1 Corinthians 15:28
Sirach 44:1
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Hebrews 11:2
Sirach 44:20
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James 2:21
Sirach 48:10
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Matthew 11:11
Sirach 48:10
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Matthew 17:11
Sirach 48:10
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Luke 1:17
Sirach 48:24
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Matthew 5:4
Sirach 50:20
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Luke 24:50
Sirach 51:23
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Matthew 11:28
Baruch
Susanna
1 Maccabees
1 Maccabees 1:54
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Mark 13:14
1 Maccabees 2:29
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Matthew 6:33
1 Maccabees 2:28
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Matthew 24:16
1 Maccabees 2:46
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Galatians 5:12
1 Maccabees 2:52
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James 2:21
1 Maccabees 3:60
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Matthew 6:10
1 Maccabees 4:59
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John 10:22
1 Maccabees 5:15
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Matthew 4:15
1 Maccabees 9:22
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John 21:25
1 Maccabees 12:9
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Romans 15:4
1 Maccabees 13:49
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Revelation 13:17
1 Maccabees 13:51
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Revelation 7:9
2 Maccabees
2 Maccabees 1:4
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Acts 16:14
2 Maccabees 2:5
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Revelation 2:17
2 Maccabees 2:5
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Revelation 11:19
2 Maccabees 2:21
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Galatians 1:14
2 Maccabees 3:24
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Hebrews 12:9
2 Maccabees 3:25
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Revelation 19:11
2 Maccabees 3:26
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Luke 24:4
2 Maccabees 5:19
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Mark 2:27
2 Maccabees 6:14
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1 Thessalonians 2:16
2 Maccabees 7:23
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Hebrews 11:35
2 Maccabees 9:8
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Matthew 8:27
2 Maccabees 9:5
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Acts 12:23
2 Maccabees 10:7
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John 12:13
2 Maccabees 10:7
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Revelation 7:9
2 Maccabees 11:8
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Revelation 19:11
2 Maccabees 12:44
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1 Corinthians 15:29
2 Maccabees 14:35
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Matthew 18:20
Apocrypha, Deuterocanon, and the New Testament
... for two thousand years the church still has not agreed on the scope of its Bible - even if there is wide agreement on most of it. Today there are four different Old Testament canons current in the Christian church, namely those in the Eastern Orthodox (both Greek and Russian), Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Ethiopian churches. Likewise, there are multiple collections of sacred books in antiquity that are often similar in content, but not entirely so. Most of these differences were present before the fourth century, but some came later. Then as now, the books that one religious community calls apocryphal or even pseudepigraphal (thereby dismissing them), another religious community welcomes as scripture. In addition, the books in question have changed from time to time.
Current research suggests that the larger collections of Old or First Testament writings containing the so-called apocryphal books were more common in the early churches and in Second Temple Judaism than the more limited collection of biblical books in the later Jewish Hebrew Bible and Protestant Old/First Testament. The diverse opinions about the scope of the biblical canon are no doubt rooted in the complexity of the traditions surrounding the origins of the Bible, and what makes matters even more challenging is that there are no ancient documents that explain when the process of canonization began, when it ended, or even what a biblical canon is. Most scholarly conclusions about this process depend upon the inferential evidence stemming from a few well known ancient texts rather than upon explicit statements or discussions in antiquity.
Current research suggests that the larger collections of Old or First Testament writings containing the so-called apocryphal books were more common in the early churches and in Second Temple Judaism than the more limited collection of biblical books in the later Jewish Hebrew Bible and Protestant Old/First Testament. The diverse opinions about the scope of the biblical canon are no doubt rooted in the complexity of the traditions surrounding the origins of the Bible, and what makes matters even more challenging is that there are no ancient documents that explain when the process of canonization began, when it ended, or even what a biblical canon is. Most scholarly conclusions about this process depend upon the inferential evidence stemming from a few well known ancient texts rather than upon explicit statements or discussions in antiquity.
McDonald, Lee Martin "Jude's Citation of 1 Enoch" in Charlesworth, James H. and Lee M. McDonald (eds.) Jewish and Christian Scriptures: The Function of “Canonical” and “Non-Canonical” Religious Texts (p. 9) T&T Clark, 2010
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