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Matching Reference Citations

Hebrew Bible

Leviticus 17:4 / Leviticus 17:4 / LXX Leviticus 17:4 Leviticus 17:4 / Leviticus 17:4 / Samaritan Leviticus 17:4 Psalm 110:3 / Psalm 110:3 / LXX Psalm 109:3 Joel 2:3 / Ezekiel 36:35 / Joel 2:3 Proverbs 6:23 / Proverbs 6:23 / John 8:12 Proverbs 6:23 / Proverbs 6:23 / Matthew 5:14 Exodus 1:15 / Exodus 1:15 / Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15 Joshua 10:13 / Joshua 10:13 / Psalms of Solomon 18:12 Leviticus 16:4 / Leviticus 16:4 / Ezekiel 44:18 Deuteronomy 5:14 / Deuteronomy 5:14 / Nehemiah 13:15 Isaiah 19:18 / Isaiah 19:18 / LXX Isaiah 19:18 Nehemiah 1:6 / Nehemiah 1:6 / Baruch 1:17 Leviticus 20:17 / Leviticus 20:17 / LXX Leviticus 20:17

Ancient Near East

Code of Hammurabi / Code of Hammurabi / Matthew 5:38

Septuagint

LXX Haggai 2:15 / LXX Haggai 2:15 / Mark 13:2

Dead Sea Scrolls

4Q525 2 / 4Q525 2 / Matthew 5:8 4Q521 / 4Q521 / Luke 7:22 4Q246 1 / 4Q246 1 / Luke 1:31 1QS 6 / 1QS 6 / Matthew 18:15 1QS 1 / 1QS 1 / John 12:36 1QH / 1QH / John 7:38 1Q20 6 / 1Q20 6 / Luke 2:19 1QH / 1QH / Matthew 5:3 4Q267 / 4Q267 / Acts 2:45 4Q504 / 4Q504 / Genesis Rabbah 20:5 11Q13 2 / 11Q13 2 / Apocalypse of Abraham 20:5 4Q405 / 4Q405 / 2 Enoch 20:3 4Q504 / 4Q504 / Leviticus Rabbah 20:2 1QH 14 / 1QH 14 / Matthew 5:16

Deuterocanon

Sirach 25:8 / Sirach 25:8 / Matthew 5:3 Sirach 49:13 / Sirach 49:13 / 2 Maccabees 1:21 Wisdom of Solomon 18:4 / Wisdom of Solomon 18:4 / John 8:12 2 Maccabees 3:25 / 2 Maccabees 3:25 / Revelation 19:11 2 Maccabees 11:8 / 2 Maccabees 11:8 / Revelation 19:11 Letter of Jeremiah 1:4 / Letter of Jeremiah 1:4 / 2 Maccabees 2:2

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 6:2 / 1 Enoch 6:2 / Philo on the Giants 4 Jubilees 30:19 / Jubilees 30:19 / Luke 10:20 1 Enoch 20:2 / 1 Enoch 20:2 / Revelation 1:4 1 Enoch 108:9 / 1 Enoch 108:9 / Wisdom of Solomon 3:5 Testament of Naphtali 3:2 / Testament of Naphtali 3:2 / Psalms of Solomon 18:10

New Testament

Matthew 9:13 / Matthew 9:13 / Avot D'Rabbi Natan (A) 4 Colossians 1:16 / 2 Enoch 20:1 / Colossians 1:16 Philippians 3:21 / Philippians 3:21 / 2 Baruch 51:3 2 Timothy 3:8 / 2 Timothy 3:8 / Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15 Romans 2:15 / Romans 2:15 / 2 Baruch 57:2 John 1:5 / 2 Baruch 59:2 / John 1:5

Classical

Philo The Special Laws 1:13 / Philo The Special Laws 1:13 / Philippians 3:20

Texts in Conversation

Hebrew Bible

Isaiah 66:24 / Isaiah 66:24 / 1QH 3 Isaiah 61:1 / Isaiah 61:1 / Psalms of Solomon 11:1 Genesis 46:27 / Genesis 46:27 / LXX Genesis 46:27 Deuteronomy 18:18 / Deuteronomy 18:18 / Acts 3:22 Hosea 13:4 / Hosea 13:4 / LXX Hosea 13:4 Nahum 1:14 / Nahum 1:14 / LXX Nahum 1:14 Deuteronomy 32:8 / Deuteronomy 32:8 / 4Q37 32:8 Leviticus 17:4 / Leviticus 17:4 / LXX Leviticus 17:4 Leviticus 17:4 / Leviticus 17:4 / Samaritan Leviticus 17:4 Numbers 4:14 / Numbers 4:14 / LXX Numbers 4:14 Genesis 12:13 / Genesis 12:13 / 1Q20 20 Genesis 14:18 / Genesis 14:18 / 1Q20 22 1 Samuel 2:8 / 1 Samuel 2:8 / 4Q521 Daniel 4:31 / Daniel 4:31 / 4Q242 Numbers 24:17 / Numbers 24:17 / Onkelos Numbers 24:17 Deuteronomy 32:43 / Deuteronomy 32:43 / Revelation 6:9 Leviticus 3:11 / Leviticus 3:11 / LXX Leviticus 3:11 Joshua 6:6 / Joshua 6:6 / LXX Joshua 6:6 1 Samuel 16:4 / 1 Samuel 16:4 / LXX 1 Samuel 16:4 Numbers 21:18 / Numbers 21:18 / 4Q266 / Philo Allegorical Interpretation

Dead Sea Scrolls

4Q525 2 / 4Q525 2 / Matthew 5:8 4Q521 / 4Q521 / Luke 7:22 4Q246 1 / 4Q246 1 / Luke 1:31 1QS 6 / 1QS 6 / Acts 2:45 1QS 6 / 1QS 6 / Acts 5:2 1QS 6 / 1QS 6 / Matthew 18:15 1QS 1 / 1QS 1 / John 12:36 1QS 4 / 1QS 4 / 1 Peter 5:4 1QH / 1QH / John 7:38 1QS 1 / 1QS 1 / Matthew 5:43 4Q418 2 / 4Q418 2 / John 17:3 1QH / 1QH / Luke 2:14 4Q417 / 4Q417 / 2 Corinthians 11:24 4Q184 / 4Q184 / Matthew 25:41 1QS 4 / 1QS 4 / John 4:36 1QS 1 / 1QS 1 / Luke 16:8 1Q20 6 / 1Q20 6 / Luke 2:19 4Q213 1 / 4Q213 1 / Luke 2:19 1QSa 2 / 1QSa 2 / Mark 2:22 1QSa 2 / 1QSa 2 / John 2:2 1QH / 1QH / Matthew 5:3 1QS 10:17 / 1QS 10:17 / Romans 12:17 1QH 18:4 / 1QH 18:4 / Luke 13:18 11Q13 2 / 11Q13 2 / 1 Corinthians 15:23 4Q174 / 4Q174 / Acts 14:22 4Q174 / 4Q174 / 2 Timothy 3:1 4Q174 / 4Q174 / Revelation 2:10 4Q174 / 4Q174 / Acts 15:16 1QS 8 / 1QS 8 / 1 Corinthians 3:16 4Q267 / 4Q267 / Acts 2:45 1QS 7:2 / 1QS 7:2 / Matthew 5:22 4Q266 / 4Q266 / 2 Timothy 3:8 4Q266 / 4Q266 / Menachot 85a 4Q180 / 4Q180 / Yoma 39a 11Q5 21 / Sirach 51:13 / 11Q5 21 4Q504 / 4Q504 / Genesis Rabbah 20:5 11Q13 2 / 11Q13 2 / Apocalypse of Abraham 20:5 1QS 4:5 / 1QS 4:5 / Ephesians 1:3 1QH 14 / 1QH 14 / Matthew 5:16 1QH 4 / 1QH 4 / 2 Corinthians 3:18 1QSa 2 / 1QSa 2 / 1 Corinthians 11:10 1QSa 2 / 1QSa 2 / Matthew 9:17 1QS 11 / 1QS 11 / Romans 5:16 4Q398 / 4Q398 / Romans 4:9 1QS 3 / 1QS 3 / John 8:12 1QS 4 / 1QS 4 / Galatians 6:8 1QS 5 / 1QS 5 / Galatians 6:10 1QS 3 / 1QS 3 / 1 Thessalonians 5:5 1QpHab 7 / 1QpHab 7 / Matthew 24:36 1QpHab 7 / 1QpHab 7 / Ephesians 3:3 4Q174 / 4Q174 / Romans 3:20 1QS 11 / 1QS 11 / Matthew 10:29 4Q405 / 4Q405 / 2 Enoch 20:3 1QS 11 / 1QS 11 / Philippians 3:20 4Q267 / 4Q267 / Acts 13:43 4Q504 / 4Q504 / Memar Marqah 5.4 4Q504 / 4Q504 / Leviticus Rabbah 20:2 1Q20 1 / 1Q20 1 / 2 Thessalonians 2:7 4Q521 1 / 4Q521 1 / Psalms of Solomon 3:12 1QS 3 / 1QS 3 / Acts 19:4 1QS 3 / 1QS 3 / Mark 1:4 4Q266 / 4Q266 / Mark 10:6 4Q266 / 4Q266 / Matthew 18:16 1QS 4:5 / 1QS 4:5 / Genesis Rabbah 20:12 4Q242 / 4Q242 / Nedarim 41a 4Q242 / 4Q242 / Matthew 9:6 4Q242 1 / 4Q242 1 / Mark 2:10 5Q15 / 5Q15 / Revelation 21:21 4Q521 / 4Q521 / Revelation 3:21 4Q266 / 4Q266 / 2 Enoch 1:6 4Q266 / Testament of Reuben 5:7 / 4Q266

Deuterocanon

1 Maccabees 4:46 / 1QS 9 / 1 Maccabees 4:46

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 10:8 / 1 Enoch 10:8 / 4Q180 1 Enoch 6:7 / 1 Enoch 6:7 / 4Q201 1 1 Enoch 7:1 / 1 Enoch 7:1 / 4Q201 1 1 Enoch 39:11 / 1 Enoch 39:11 / 1QH 1 Enoch 41:8 / 1 Enoch 41:8 / 1QS 3:3 Jubilees 23:29 / 1QS 4 / Jubilees 23:29 1 Enoch 9:1 / 1 Enoch 9:1 / 1QM 9

Matching Tags

Jannes and Jambres 4 Moving Rock in the Wilderness 7 New Testament Midrash 22 Pre-Christian Septuagint Usage 11 The Two Ways 11 The Two Yetzers 17

Glossary Terms

Dead Sea Scroll Dead Sea Scrolls Essene Pesher Qumran

Articles

The Pseudepigrapha and the Biblical Literary World

How texts like 1 Enoch and Jubilees shaped the traditions that followed them

intertextual.bible • March 20, 2026 • 8 min read

The Significance of the Differences Between Text Traditions

How Divergent Traditions Reveal What Was Important to Translators and Interpreters

intertextual.bible • March 13, 2026 • 7 min read

Intertextuality and Reception History

The Intersection of Similar Concepts

intertextual.bible • February 9, 2026 • 7 min read

Pre-Masoretic Hebrew Tradition

History and Tradition

intertextual.bible • January 4, 2026 • 6 min read

What is Intertextuality?

The Relationships Between Texts

intertextual.bible • November 16, 2025 • 5 min read

Reference Library

A Commentary on the Didache in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Documents

Draper, Jonathan Alfred • St. John's College • 1983

All the Glory of Adam: Liturgical Anthropology in the Dead Sea Scrolls

Fletcher-Louis, Crispin H. T. • Brill • 2002

"Body and Sin Romans and Colossians in Light of Qumranic and Rabbinic Texts" in Rey, Jean-Sebastien (ed.) The Dead Sea Scrolls and Pauline Literature

Kister, Menahem • Brill • 2014

Cleansing by Water and Spirit in the Dead Sea Scrolls and New Testament

Mills, Lynn Elizabeth • Trinity College Dublin • 2022

Communities of the Last Days: The Story of Israel, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the New Testament

Pate, C. Marvin • InterVarsity Press • 2000

Covenant In Daniel And The Dead Sea Scrolls: An Exposition Of Daniel 9-12 And Selected Sections Of The Damascus Document (CD), Community Rule (1QS), Hymns Scroll (1QHa) And War Scroll (1QM)

Linington, Silvia Anneliese • University of South Africa • 2014

"Danielic Influence at the Intersection of Matthew and the Dead Sea Scrolls" in Anders Runesson and Daniel M. Gurtner, Ed., Matthew Within Judaism: Israel and the Nations in the First Gospel

Gurtner, Daniel M. • Society of Biblical Literature • 2019

Discerning Wisdom: The Sapiential Literature of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Goff, Matthew J. • Brill • 2007

"Evidence of 1 Enoch 10:4 in Matthew 22:13?" in Hilhorst, A., et al. Flores Florentino: Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Early Jewish Studies in Honour of Florentino Garcia Martinez

Verhyden, Joseph • Brill • 2007

Expectations of the End: A Comparative Study of Eschatological, Apocalyptic, and Messianic Ideas in the Dead Sea Scrolls and New Testament

Hogeterp, Albert L. • Brill • 2009

Ezra and the Dead Sea Scrolls

Hempel, Charlotte • Biblical Archaeology Review • 2022

Greek Gospels and Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls: Compositional, Conceptual, and Cultural Intersections

Perrin, Andrew B. • De Gruyter • 2020

"On the Hellenization of Christianity One Example: The Salvation of Gentiles in Paul" in Hilhorst, A., et al. Flores Florentino: Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Early Jewish Studies in Honour of Florentino Garcia Martinez

Piñero, Antonio • Brill • 2007

"Qumran and Hellenism" in Collins, John J., and Robert A. Kugler (eds.) Religion in the Dead Sea Scrolls

Hengel, Martin • William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company • 2000

Scribal Practice, Text and Canon in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Essays in Memory of Peter W. Flint

VanderKam, James C. • Brill • 2019

Scriptural Allusions in the New Testament: Light from the Dead Sea Scrolls

Allison, Dale C. • Wipf & Stock Publishers • 2019

The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Second Princeton Symposium on Judaism and Christian Origins

Zerbe, Gordon M. • Baylor University Press • 2006

The Concept of Time in the Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls

Brin, Gershon • Brill • 2001

"The Contribution of the Qumran Scrolls to the Study of Ancient Jewish Liturgy" in Lim, Timothy H., and John J. Collins (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Falk, Daniel K. • Oxford University Press • 2010

The Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek Texts with English Translations

Charlesworth, James H. • Westminster John Knox Press • 1995

The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity

VanderKam, James C., and Peter Flint • HarperSanFrancisco • 2002

The Mystery and Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Shanks, Hershel • Random House • 1998

The Scepter and the Star: Messianism in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Collins, John J. • William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company • 2010

Vested with Adam's Glory: Moses as the Luminous Counterpart of Adam in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Macarian Homilies

Orlov, Andrei • Marquette University • 2002

Warding off Evil: Apotropaic Tradition in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Synoptic Gospels

Morris, Michael J. • Mohr Siebeck • 2017

Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Qumran Community

Murphy, Catherine M. • Brill • 2002

With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic, and Mysticism

Lesses, Rebecca • De Gruyter • 2011

With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic, and Mysticism

Bautch, Kelley Coblentz • De Gruyter • 2011

“The Prohibition of Local Butchery in Leviticus 17:3–4: The Evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls,” in La Bible hébraïque et les manuscrits de la mer Morte. Études en l’honneur de George Brooke, eds. Christophe Nihan and Julia Rhyder

Rhyder, Julia • Semitica • 2020

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