Texts in Conversation
Acts 2 describes believers selling their possessions and sharing the profits with those in need, a practice found earlier in the Dead Sea Scrolls where community members shared their resources to support the poor, orphans, widows, and captives.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
CD 14:12
Damascus Document
Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts
11 each in his turn. And anything that any person has to say, let him say it to the overseer, 12 about any dispute or judgment. And this is the rule for the many, to provide for all their needs: the wages of 13 two days each month at the least, and they shall put it into the hand of the overseer and the judges. 14 From it they shall give for their wounded, and from it they shall support the poor and the needy, and the old man who 15 is bowed down, and the man who is afflicted, and the one taken captive by a foreign nation, and the virgin who 16 has no redeemer, and the youth who has no one to care for him: all the service of the association, and not 17 [shall the house of the association be cut off from] their [hand]. And this is the exact account of the settlement of the [camp, and these are the foundations of]
Date: 100–80 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Acts 2:45
New Testament
42 They were devoting themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 43 Reverential awe came over everyone, and many wonders and miraculous signs came about by the apostles. 44 All who believed were together and held everything in common, 45 and they began selling their property and possessions and distributing the proceeds to everyone, as anyone had need. 46 Every day they continued to gather together by common consent in the temple courts, breaking bread from house to house, sharing their food with glad and humble hearts, 47 praising God and having the good will of all the people. And the Lord was adding to their number every day those who were being saved.
Date: 70–90 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Many scholars have observed striking similarities between the descriptions of the Essenes and the sectarian documents found among the Dead Sea Scrolls as described by Philo and Josephus. These parallels have led to the prevailing belief that the scrolls offer valuable insights into the beliefs and practices of the Essenes. The scrolls, at the very least, reflect a Jewish sectarian group that emphasized communal living and shared possessions. The Community Rule (1QS) outlines the admission process, which involved a year of study and probation during which candidates were prohibited from participating in certain communal activities. Upon acceptance, their property and earnings would be entrusted to the Bursar of the Congregation and recorded in their account, with expenditures strictly regulated. Only after a second year of probation would their personal belongings become merged with the community's resources. Interestingly, Iamblichus notes a similar probationary period in Pythagoras' group, with rejected candidates receiving double their property back. The Dead Sea sect, however, was not uniform in its practices, as indicated by variations in rules regarding marriage and communal possessions found in the Damascus Document (CD) and mentioned by Josephus ..."
Christopher R. Hutson, “All Things in Common: Mutual Aid in Acts 2.42–47 and 4.32–37,” Leaven (2010): 1–6.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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