Texts in Conversation
Hosea 13 identifies God as the one who brought Israel out of Egypt. The Greek Septuagint translation adds many details to the text, emphasizing God as the creator, which may be based on a specific Hebrew version found in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Hosea 13:4
Hebrew Bible
3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt. Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me. Except for me there is no Savior. 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!
Date: 600–501 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
LXX Hosea 13:4
Septuagint
3 Therefore they will be as a morning cloud, and as the early dew that passes away, as chaff blown away from the threshing floor, and as a vapor from locusts. 4 But I am the Lord your God that establishes the heaven, and creates the earth, whose hands have framed the whole host of heaven: but I did not show them to you that you should go after them: and I brought you up out of the land of Egypt, and you shall know no God but me; and there is no Savior beside me. 5 I tended you as a shepherd in the wilderness, in an uninhabited land. 6 According to their pastures, so they were completely filled; and their hearts were exalted; therefore they forgot me.
Date: 100–1 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Occasionally, LXX pluses are confirmed by pre-Masoretic Hebrew texts: the uncharacteristic expansion in Hosea 13:4 (stressing creation; compare Amos 4:13) is attested in 4QXIIc, the smaller plus in Amos 1:3 has a Hebrew counterpart in 5QXIIAmos and the pluses in Nahum 1:14; 3:8 are perhaps present in 4QpNah. But usually, it is an open question whether or not substantial alterations, as distinct from minor adjustments for clarification or harmonization, are the work of the translator. In fact, substantial pluses are rare in XII; apart from Hosea 13:4, the most notable occur in Haggai 2:9, 14; Malachi 1:1 ..."
Jennifer M. Dines, “The Minor Prophets,” in The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, ed. James K. Aitken, Bloomsbury Companions (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 442.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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