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Highlighted Texts

Hebrew Bible

Psalm 86:9 / Revelation 15:4 Proverbs 1:6 / Sirach 39:2 Proverbs 1:6 / Wisdom of Solomon 8:8

Septuagint

LXX Psalm 77:2 / Matthew 13:35 LXX Psalm 77:2 / Psalm 78:2

Deuterocanon

Sirach 39:2 / Proverbs 1:6 Sirach 23:7 / James 3:9

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 1:2 / Numbers 24:3

Targum

Neofiti Exodus 22:30 / Matthew 15:27 Neofiti Exodus 22:30 / Exodus 22:31

New Testament

Mark 4:11 / Jonathan Isaiah 6:9 Matthew 13:31 / Ezekiel 17:23 Matthew 13:13 / Chagigah 12b Matthew 13:31 / Ketubot 111b Matthew 13:8 / Seneca Letters from a Stoic 38 Matthew 13:3 / 4 Ezra 8:41 Matthew 13:35 / LXX Psalm 77:2 Luke 12:13 / James 4:13 Luke 12:19 / Sirach 11:19 Luke 12:16 / 1 Enoch 97:8

Early Christian

Ambrose On the Duty of the Clergy 2.13 / Wisdom of Solomon 7:22

Rabbinic

Shabbat 153a / Matthew 22:2 Sotah 22b / Matthew 23:5

Matching Reference Citations

Hebrew Bible

Isaiah 6:9 / Jonathan Isaiah 6:9 Isaiah 66:6 / 2 Thessalonians 1:6 Proverbs 25:6 / Luke 14:10 Psalm 110:1 / Matthew 25:33 Genesis 48:14 / Matthew 25:33 Numbers 24:3 / 1 Enoch 1:2 Ezekiel 34:11 / Matthew 18:12 Psalm 2:2 / 1 Enoch 48:10 Daniel 12:3 / Wisdom of Solomon 3:7 Ezekiel 3:22 / Acts 9:6 Psalm 135:7 / 1 Enoch 17:3 Psalm 135:7 / 1 Enoch 18:1 Jeremiah 17:11 / Sirach 11:19 Genesis 1:26 / Sirach 17:3 Daniel 12:3 / Matthew 13:43 Ezekiel 17:23 / Matthew 13:31 Exodus 32:32 / 1 Enoch 108:3 Isaiah 5:1 / Matthew 21:33 2 Kings 9:13 / Matthew 21:8 Proverbs 1:6 / Wisdom of Solomon 8:8 Proverbs 1:6 / Sirach 39:2 Psalm 69:29 / 1 Enoch 108:3 Isaiah 30:26 / 1 Enoch 72:37 2 Kings 1:12 / Revelation 20:9 Joel 3:13 / Revelation 14:18 Joshua 2:1 / James 2:25 Isaiah 11:4 / 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Isaiah 22:13 / 1 Corinthians 15:32 Psalm 118:22 / Targum Psalm 118:22 Psalm 118:22 / Matthew 21:42 / Targum Psalm 118:22 Isaiah 57:2 / Wisdom of Solomon 3:3 Exodus 32:32 / Revelation 3:5 Daniel 7:10 / Revelation 5:11 Amos 3:7 / Revelation 10:7 Isaiah 25:8 / Revelation 21:4 Isaiah 24:23 / Jonathan Isaiah 24:23 Isaiah 66:2 / Acts 7:49 Leviticus 18:8 / Amos 2:7 Hosea 2:14 / Jeremiah 2:2 Deuteronomy 26:19 / Jeremiah 13:11 Genesis 9:16 / Isaiah 24:5 Psalm 19:14 / 1 Enoch 71:12 Exodus 12:29 / Judith 13:1 Exodus 12:30 / Judith 14:19 Psalm 49:16 / James 5:1 Genesis 33:4 / Luke 15:22 Jeremiah 51:16 / Psalm 135:7 Amos 3:5 / LXX Amos 3:5 Ecclesiastes 2:24 / 1 Enoch 98:11 Daniel 7:9 / 1 Enoch 46:1 Ezekiel 37:27 / 1 Enoch 45:4 Isaiah 1:3 / Jeremiah 8:7 Isaiah 7:19 / 1 Enoch 60:7 Isaiah 60:21 / Matthew 15:13 Genesis 6:3 / Neofiti Genesis 6:3 Isaiah 52:1 / 1 Enoch 62:16 Isaiah 41:11 / 1 Enoch 63:11 Psalm 22:16 / LXX Psalms 21:17 Psalm 146:8 / LXX Psalms 145:8 Psalm 78:2 / LXX Psalm 77:2 Exodus 21:28 / Samaritan Exodus 21:28 Isaiah 49:7 / 1 Enoch 62:1 Jeremiah 51:16 / 1 Enoch 18:1 Genesis 9:11 / 1 Enoch 55:2 Genesis 8:22 / 1 Enoch 55:1 Genesis 6:6 / 1 Enoch 55:2 Daniel 7:9 / 1 Enoch 55:1 Isaiah 24:21 / 1 Enoch 54:2 Zechariah 14:2 / 1 Enoch 56:5 Psalm 18:49 / 1 Enoch 48:5 Isaiah 57:2 / Wisdom of Solomon 4:7 Amos 5:21 / Sirach 34:22 Genesis 12:13 / Genesis 26:7 Genesis 12:13 / Genesis 20:2 Leviticus 19:36 / Hosea 12:7 Hosea 9:3 / Ezekiel 4:13 Micah 1:4 / 1 Enoch 52:6 Psalm 104:26 / Isaiah 27:1 Genesis 15:19 / Jubilees 14:18 / Genesis Rabbah 44:23 Genesis 22:1 / Jubilees 17:16 / Sanhedrin 89b Genesis 22:1 / Jubilees 17:16 / Genesis Rabbah 55:4 Genesis 2:9 / Onkelos Genesis 2:9 Isaiah 34:4 / LXX Isaiah 34:4 Exodus 12:23 / 1 Corinthians 10:10

Ancient Near East

KTU I.2 / Psalm 82:1 Great Hymn to the Aten / Habakkuk 3:3 Song of the Hoe / Genesis 1:4 Epic of Gilgamesh VI / Psalm 82:1 Epic of Gilgamesh VII / Psalm 82:1 KAI 26.iii / Psalm 82:1 Legend of Keret / Psalm 16:7

Septuagint

LXX Psalm 77:2 / Matthew 13:35 LXX Amos 3:5 / Matthew 10:29 LXX Deuteronomy 18:4 / Didache 13:3 LXX Isaiah 1:1 / 1 Enoch 37:1 LXX Deuteronomy 32:43 / Job 38:7 LXX Psalm 108:21 / Matthew 7:21 LXX Ecclesiastes 8:15 / Tobit 7:10

Dead Sea Scrolls

1QS 1 / John 12:36 1QS 11 / Matthew 10:29

Deuterocanon

Baruch 3:37 / John 1:14 Wisdom of Solomon 13:1 / Romans 1:20 Wisdom of Solomon 14:22 / Romans 1:24 Sirach 35:17 / Luke 18:3 Sirach 28:2 / Matthew 6:12 Sirach 28:1 / Matthew 18:23 Tobit 12:15 / 1 Enoch 9:3 Sirach 31:15 / Matthew 7:12 Sirach 48:24 / Matthew 5:4 Sirach 29:11 / Matthew 6:20 Sirach 14:8 / Matthew 6:23 Sirach 27:6 / Matthew 7:16 Sirach 13:17 / Matthew 10:16 Sirach 48:10 / Matthew 11:11 Sirach 40:15 / Matthew 13:3 Sirach 20:30 / Matthew 13:44 Sirach 35:22 / Matthew 16:27 Sirach 37:2 / Matthew 26:38 Sirach 7:29 / Didache 4:1 Wisdom of Solomon 3:8 / 1 Corinthians 6:2 Tobit 14:2 / Acts 10:2 Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 / Sirach 16:7 Sirach 34:10 / 4 Ezra 3:33 Sirach 3:30 / Tobit 12:9 Wisdom of Solomon 7:23 / Hebrews 4:12 Sirach 5:8 / Luke 16:9 Sirach 5:8 / 1 Enoch 63:10 Sirach 33:23 / Luke 15:12 Sirach 9:10 / Matthew 9:17

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 97:8 / Luke 12:16 1 Enoch 38:2 / Matthew 26:24 1 Enoch 62:5 / Matthew 19:28 1 Enoch 51:2 / Luke 21:28 1 Enoch 54:5 / Matthew 25:41 1 Enoch 96:5 / Luke 12:20 1 Enoch 14:14 / 2 Corinthians 12:4 1 Enoch 48:4 / Luke 2:32 1 Enoch 62:2 / 2 Thessalonians 2:8 1 Enoch 39:11 / 1QH 1 Enoch 41:3 / 2 Enoch 5:1 1 Enoch 41:3 / 4 Ezra 5:37 1 Enoch 47:4 / Revelation 6:11 1 Enoch 14:20 / Revelation 5:11 1 Enoch 84:1 / 1 Timothy 2:8 1 Enoch 47:3 / Revelation 20:12 1 Enoch 48:1 / John 4:14 1 Enoch 62:3 / Revelation 6:15 1 Enoch 62:2 / Revelation 19:15 1 Enoch 62:2 / Revelation 1:16 1 Enoch 62:2 / Revelation 2:16 Psalms of Solomon 17:43 / Revelation 3:18 1 Enoch 98:16 / Luke 12:20 Testament of Judah 18 / 1 Timothy 6:10 Testament of Judah 19 / 1 Timothy 6:10 1 Enoch 6:2 / Archelaus Acts of the Disputation with Manes 32 1 Enoch 63:10 / Luke 16:9 Jubilees 23:30 / 2 Baruch 51:5 1 Enoch 62:8 / 1 Corinthians 15:42 1 Enoch 58:4 / Matthew 6:33 Testament of Gad 6:7 / Matthew 18:35 1 Enoch 2:1 / Sirach 16:26 1 Enoch 2:1 / Psalms of Solomon 18:10 1 Enoch 10:12 / Jubileees 5:10 1 Enoch 18:11 / 2 Peter 2:4

Targum

Targum Psalm 118:22 / Mark 11:9

New Testament

Romans 6:22 / Sifre Numbers 115 Mark 4:11 / Jonathan Isaiah 6:9 Matthew 7:24 / Pirkei Avot 3:17 Luke 14:17 / Pirkei Avot 3:16 Luke 3:1 / Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 19.5 Matthew 13:31 / Ketubot 111b Matthew 25:41 / Nedarim 40a Matthew 25:35 / Shabbat 127a Luke 15:8 / Song of Songs Rabbah 1:9 Luke 15:20 / Pesikta Rabbati 184 Luke 15:20 / Deuteronomy Rabbah 2:24 Galatians 3:24 / Genesis Rabbah 1 Matthew 21:41 / Jonathan Isaiah 5:5 Luke 16:19 / Jerusalem Chagigah 2.2.6 2 Corinthians 11:2 / Mishnah Taanit 4:8 Luke 11:47 / Lamentations Rabbah 4:13 Matthew 7:24 / Avot D'Rabbi Natan 24 Matthew 13:44 / Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael 62:5 Matthew 20:1 / Genesis Rabbah 9:9 Matthew 13:44 / Leviticus Rabbah 5:4 Matthew 13:52 / Leviticus Rabbah 2:11 Matthew 22:2 / Shabbat 153a Acts 4:32 / Pirkei Avot 5:13 Luke 15:16 / Leviticus Rabbah 13:4 Hebrews 7:3 / Apocalypse of Abraham 17:10 Matthew 5:21 / Bava Metzia 58b Philippians 2:17 / 2 Timothy 4:6 Luke 16:26 / 4 Ezra 7:36 Matthew 9:37 / 4 Ezra 4:32 James 4:13 / Luke 12:13 Revelation 6:9 / 4 Ezra 4:35 Luke 4:23 / Genesis Rabbah 23:4 1 Corinthians 5:6 / Berakhot 17a Galatians 5:9 / Berakhot 17a Luke 6:36 / Pseudo Jonathan Leviticus 22:28 Matthew 21:43 / 4 Ezra 1:24 Matthew 5:22 / Bava Metzia 59a Matthew 7:3 / Kiddushin 70a Matthew 19:24 / Song of Songs Rabbah 5:2 Matthew 13:3 / 4 Ezra 8:41 Matthew 11:12 / Sifre Deuteronomy 49 Luke 6:27 / Berakhot 10a Luke 6:27 / Avot D'Rabbi Natan 23 Matthew 13:45 / Shabbat 119a Matthew 13:47 / Avodah Zarah 3b

Early Christian

Didache 4:8 / Pirkei Avot 3:7

Classical

Seneca Letters from a Stoic 38 / Matthew 13:8 Philo On the Unchangeableness of God 1:91 / Matthew 13:44

Texts in Conversation

Hebrew Bible

Ezekiel 17:23 / Matthew 13:31 Proverbs 25:6 / Luke 14:10 Proverbs 1:6 / Wisdom of Solomon 8:8 Proverbs 1:6 / Sirach 39:2 Numbers 24:3 / 1 Enoch 1:2 Genesis 18:6 / Matthew 13:33 Psalm 78:2 / LXX Psalm 77:2 Genesis 33:4 / Luke 15:22 Isaiah 5:1 / Matthew 21:33 Psalm 118:22 / Matthew 21:42 / Targum Psalm 118:22

Septuagint

LXX Psalm 77:2 / Matthew 13:35

Dead Sea Scrolls

1QS 1 / Luke 16:8 1QSa 2 / Mark 2:22

Deuterocanon

Sirach 7:32 / Matthew 25:35 Sirach 40:15 / Matthew 13:3 Sirach 20:30 / Matthew 13:44 Sirach 28:1 / Matthew 18:23 Sirach 11:19 / Luke 12:19 Tobit 2:2 / Luke 14:13 Sirach 33:23 / Luke 15:12

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 97:8 / Luke 12:16 Psalms of Solomon 5:9 / Genesis Rabbah 76 1 Enoch 22:9 / Luke 16:26

New Testament

Matthew 7:24 / Pirkei Avot 3:17 Matthew 22:2 / Shabbat 153a James 4:13 / Luke 12:13 Matthew 7:24 / Avot D'Rabbi Natan 24 Romans 6:22 / Sifre Numbers 115 Mark 4:11 / Jonathan Isaiah 6:9 Matthew 20:16 / Ruth Rabbah 3 Matthew 13:31 / Ketubot 111b Luke 15:8 / Song of Songs Rabbah 1:9 Luke 15:20 / Pesikta Rabbati 184 Luke 15:20 / Deuteronomy Rabbah 2:24 Matthew 13:3 / 4 Ezra 8:41 Matthew 22:14 / 4 Ezra 8:3 Matthew 21:41 / Jonathan Isaiah 5:5 Luke 16:19 / Jerusalem Chagigah 2.2.6 Luke 14:11 / Leviticus Rabbah 1:5 Luke 15:4 / Exodus Rabbah 2:2 Matthew 13:44 / Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael 62:5 Matthew 20:1 / Genesis Rabbah 9:9 Matthew 13:44 / Leviticus Rabbah 5:4 Matthew 22:12 / Apocalypse of Abraham 13:12 Matthew 13:45 / Shabbat 119a Luke 16:26 / 4 Ezra 7:36 Matthew 13:13 / Chagigah 12b Luke 15:16 / Leviticus Rabbah 13:4 Matthew 20:9 / Jerusalem Berakhot 2.8

Classical

Seneca Letters from a Stoic 38 / Matthew 13:8 Lucian Voyage to the Lower World 1 / Luke 16:19 Philo On the Unchangeableness of God 1:91 / Matthew 13:44

Matching Tags

Gospel and Rabbinic Sayings 89 Parables 14

Reference Library

A Rabbi Looks at Jesus’ Parables

Stern, Frank • Rowman & Littlefield Publishers • 2006

A Word Fitly Spoken: Context, Transmission, and Adoption of the Parables of Jesus

Culbertson, Philip J. • State University of New York Press • 1995

Interpreting the Parables

Blomberg, Craig L. • InterVarsity Press • 1990

Jesus’ Parable of the Rich Fool: Luke 12:13-34 among Ancient Conversations on Death and Possessions

Rindge, Matthew S. • Society of Biblical Literature • 2011

Lavishly Forgive Sins in order to Be Forgiven: Jesus’ Parable of the Unmerciful Servant

Caneday, Ardel B. • The Evangelical Review of Theology and Politics, Vol. 5 • 2017

Meteorology and Metrology: Evaluating Parallels in the Ethiopic Parables of Enoch and 2 (Slavonic) Enoch

Macaskill, Grant • Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha, Vol. 29, No. 2 • 2019

Parables and Conflict in the Hebrew Bible

Schipper, Jeremy • Cambridge University Press • 2009

Parables and Rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount: New Approaches to a Classical Text

Baasland, Ernst • Mohr Siebeck • 2015

Short Stories by Jesus: The Enigmatic Parables of a Controversial Rabbi

Levine, Amy-Jill • HarperOne • 2014

The Challenge of Jesus’ Parables: Matthew's Parables of the Kingdom

Hagner, Donald A. • William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company • 2000

The Contexts of Jesus' Parables

Gowler, David B. • Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University • 2006

The Delay of the Parousia and Gentile Inclusion in the Synoptic Parables

King, Zachary Josetph • Vrije Universiteit • 2017

The Parable of the Weeds – Matthew 13:24-30; 36-43

Long, Phillip J. • Grace Christian University • 2021

The Parables in Q

Roth, Dieter T. • T&T Clark • 2018

"The Parables of Enoch in Early Christianity" in Charlesworth, James H., and Darrell L. Bock., ed. Parables of Enoch: A Paradigm Shift

McDonald, Lee Martin • T&T Clark • 2013

The Parables of Jesus: A Commentary

Hultgren, Arland J. • William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company • 2000

The Power of Parables

Frankovic, Joseph • Jerusalem Perspective • 1995

The Use of Isaiah 5,1-7 in the Parable of the Tenants (Mark 12,1-12; Matthew 21,33-46)

Weren, W. J. C. • Biblica, Vol. 79, No. 1 • 1998

The Widening Circle: Honour, Shame, and Collectivism in the Parable of Prodigal Son

Eng, Daniel K. • The Expository Times • 2018

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