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Showing 66 results for: persia

Guides

The Influence of 1 Enoch on the New Testament

Explore how 1 Enoch likely shaped the language, imagery, and theology of the New Testament, from the Gospels' Son of Man to Revelation's final judgmen...

The Primordial History: Genesis 1–11 and the Ancient Near East

Explore key narratives in Genesis 1–11, from creation to Babel, compared with their Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Sumerian counterparts to reveal how Is...

How the Dead Sea Scrolls Anticipate the New Testament

Explore theological and social concepts in the Dead Sea Scrolls that are similar to the theology, language, and practices later described in the New T...

Beauty and Divine Favor in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible

Explore how ancient Near Eastern royal ideology connected physical beauty to divine election and how this influenced the Hebrew Bible. This concept is...

The Divine Council and the Development of Bureaucracy

Explore how the biblical divine council evolved from an informal council of gods into a structured divine administration, and how its evolution follow...

Paul the Rabbi

Explore how Paul's methods of reading scripture, reasoning, arguing, and telling stories anticipate the techniques later expanded and codified in rabb...

Highlighted Texts

Hebrew Bible

Ezra 1:1 / 2 Chronicles 36:22 2 Chronicles 36:23 / Isaiah 45:1

Deuterocanon

2 Maccabees 1:19 / Ambrose On the Duty of the Clergy 3.17 2 Maccabees 1:21 / Sirach 49:13 2 Maccabees 9:5 / Acts 12:23

Early Christian

Ambrose On the Duty of the Clergy 3.17 / 2 Maccabees 1:19

Matching Reference Citations

Hebrew Bible

Ezekiel 31:3 / Zechariah 11:2 2 Kings 14:9 / Zechariah 11:2 Isaiah 14:8 / Zechariah 11:2 Ezekiel 17:3 / Zechariah 11:2 Daniel 6:10 / Tobit 3:11 Deuteronomy 29:20 / Daniel 9:13 Isaiah 45:1 / 2 Chronicles 36:23 Genesis 19:28 / Revelation 9:2 Daniel 12:2 / 2 Maccabees 7:9 Daniel 7:2 / 4 Ezra 13:2 Ezekiel 39:29 / Joel 2:28 Isaiah 44:28 / Zechariah 4:9 Micah 4:4 / 2 Kings 18:31 Ecclesiastes 2:5 / Song of Solomon 4:13 Deuteronomy 27:4 / Samaritan Deuteronomy 27:4 Isaiah 13:17 / Jeremiah 51:11 Leviticus 2:13 / Ezra 4:14 Genesis 17:8 / Psalm 105:11 Joel 2:11 / Malachi 4:5 Jeremiah 22:24 / Haggai 2:23 Habakkuk 3:11 / Zechariah 9:14 Lamentations 4:21 / Targum Lamentations 4:21 Leviticus 26:34 / 2 Chronicles 36:21 / Daniel 9:2 Deuteronomy 30:3 / 1 Kings 8:50 Joshua 24:1 / LXX Joshua 24:1 Exodus 34:6 / Nehemiah 1:5 1 Chronicles 16:40 / LXX 1 Chronicles 16:40 Leviticus 21:17 / Daniel 1:4 Esther 1:12 / Megillah 12b Ezekiel 38:21 / Haggai 2:22

Dead Sea Scrolls

1QS 1 / John 12:36

Deuterocanon

Tobit 14:4 / Matthew 23:36 Bel and the Dragon 1:39 / Ambrose On the Duty of the Clergy 1.35 Bel and the Dragon 1:39 / Ambrose On the Duty of the Clergy 2.4

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 9:4 / 1 Timothy 6:15

New Testament

1 Corinthians 7:35 / Archelaus Acts of the Disputation with Manes 5

Classical

Hesiod Theogony 729 / 1 Enoch 17:2

Texts in Conversation

Hebrew Bible

Isaiah 45:1 / 2 Chronicles 36:23 Leviticus 2:13 / Ezra 4:14 Ecclesiastes 2:5 / Song of Solomon 4:13 Isaiah 13:17 / Jeremiah 51:11 Lamentations 4:21 / Targum Lamentations 4:21

Ancient Near East

Mihr Yasht / Zechariah 3:1

New Testament

Matthew 10:35 / Mishnah Sotah 9

Matching Tags

King of Kings 15

Glossary Terms

Achaemenid Persia Persian Persians

Articles

Biblical Texts Require the Tools of Historiography

What Intertextuality Reveals About How to Read the Bible

intertextual.bible • May 2, 2026 • 11 min read

Reference Library

Persian and Hellenistic Remains at Tel Yacoz

Fischer, Moshe • Tel Aviv University • 2008

The Cambridge History of Judaism, Volume One: Introduction; The Persian Period

Smith, Morton • Cambridge University Press • 1984

The Chronological Conception of the Persian Period in Daniel 9

Segal, Michael • Journal of Ancient Judaism, Vol. 2 • 2011

The Responsive Self: Personal Religion in Biblical Literature of the Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods

Niditch, Susan • Yale University Press • 2015

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