Comparing Groups
Targum
New Testament
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Explore the connections between the Targum and New Testament in an interactive visualization.
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Reverse ComparisonOnkelos Genesis
Onkelos Exodus
Onkelos Leviticus
Pseudo Jonathan Genesis
Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 1:3
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John 1:9
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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 1:3
Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 2:8
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Genesis 2:8
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2 Enoch 9:1
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Matthew 25:34
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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 2:8
Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 21:9
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Galatians 4:29
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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 21:9
Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 41:43
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Acts 7:10
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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 41:43
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15
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2 Timothy 3:8
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Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15
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Matthew 2:13
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Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 1:15
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 3:14
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Revelation 1:4
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Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 3:14
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 16:4
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Revelation 2:17
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Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 16:4
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 20:19
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1 Corinthians 15:52
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Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 20:19
Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 20:19
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1 Thessalonians 4:16
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Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 20:19
Pseudo Jonathan Leviticus
Pseudo Jonathan Numbers
Pseudo Jonathan Deuteronomy
Neofiti Genesis
Neofiti Genesis 1:1
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John 1:1
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Neofiti Genesis 1:1
Neofiti Genesis 3:22
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1 Corinthians 15
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Neofiti Genesis 3:22
Neofiti Genesis 6:3
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Romans 2:4
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Neofiti Genesis 6:3
Neofiti Genesis 9:6
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Matthew 5:22
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Neofiti Genesis 9:6
Neofiti Genesis 15:1
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Matthew 6:20
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Neofiti Genesis 15:1
Neofiti Genesis 22:14
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Romans 4:20
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Neofiti Genesis 22:14
Neofiti Genesis 49:11
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Revelation 19:13
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Neofiti Genesis 49:11
Neofiti Genesis 49:25
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Luke 11:27
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Neofiti Genesis 49:25
Neofiti Exodus
Neofiti Numbers
Neofiti Deuteronomy
Jonathan Numbers
Jonathan Isaiah
Jonathan Isaiah 3:2
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Isaiah 3:2
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1 Corinthians 1:20
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Jonathan Isaiah 3:2
Jonathan Isaiah 3:16
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1 Timothy 2:9
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Jonathan Isaiah 3:16
Jonathan Isaiah 3:16
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1 Peter 3:3
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Jonathan Isaiah 3:16
Jonathan Isaiah 5:5
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Matthew 21:41
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Jonathan Isaiah 5:5
Jonathan Isaiah 5:25
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Isaiah 5:25
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Revelation 9:20
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Jonathan Isaiah 5:25
Jonathan Isaiah 6:1
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Isaiah 6:1
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John 12:41
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Jonathan Isaiah 6:1
Jonathan Isaiah 6:3
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Luke 2:14
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Jonathan Isaiah 6:3
Jonathan Isaiah 6:9
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Mark 4:11
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Jonathan Isaiah 6:9
Jonathan Isaiah 8:19
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Isaiah 8:19
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Luke 24:5
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Jonathan Isaiah 8:19
Jonathan Isaiah 14:12
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Isaiah 14:12
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Luke 10:18
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Jonathan Isaiah 14:12
Jonathan Isaiah 22:14
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Revelation 2:11
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Jonathan Isaiah 22:14
Jonathan Isaiah 26:10
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2 Peter 3:9
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Jonathan Isaiah 26:10
Jonathan Isaiah 27:8
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Matthew 7:2
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Jonathan Isaiah 27:8
Jonathan Isaiah 28:11
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Matthew 5:12
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Jonathan Isaiah 28:11
Jonathan Isaiah 30:33
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1 Timothy 1:17
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Jonathan Isaiah 30:33
Jonathan Isaiah 32:6
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Matthew 5:6
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Jonathan Isaiah 32:6
Jonathan Isaiah 33:15
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Luke 16:9
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Jonathan Isaiah 33:15
Jonathan Isaiah 43:5
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1 John 2:1
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Jonathan Isaiah 43:5
Jonathan Isaiah 43:10
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Mark 1:11
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Jonathan Isaiah 43:10
Jonathan Isaiah 43:10
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1 John 2:13
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Jonathan Isaiah 43:10
Jonathan Isaiah 43:12
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John 8:56
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Jonathan Isaiah 43:12
Jonathan Isaiah 43:25
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1 John 2:12
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Jonathan Isaiah 43:25
Jonathan Isaiah 48:11
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3 John 1:7
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Jonathan Isaiah 48:11
Jonathan Isaiah 50:11
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Matthew 26:52
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Jonathan Isaiah 50:11
Jonathan Isaiah 53:6
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Isaiah 53:5
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John 2:19
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Jonathan Isaiah 53:6
Jonathan Isaiah 55:1
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John 6:45
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Jonathan Isaiah 55:1
Jonathan Isaiah 59:19
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Revelation 19:13
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Jonathan Isaiah 59:19
Jonathan Isaiah 63:6
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Isaiah 63:6
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Ephesians 4:9
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Jonathan Isaiah 63:6
Jonathan Isaiah 65:6
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Revelation 2:11
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Jonathan Isaiah 65:6
Jonathan Isaiah 65:15
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Isaiah 65:15
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Revelation 2:11
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Jonathan Isaiah 65:15
Jonathan Jeremiah
Jonathan Micah
Jonathan Habakkuk
Targum Psalms
Targum Psalm 49:3
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1 Corinthians 15:47
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Targum Psalm 49:3
Targum Psalm 49:11
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Revelation 2:11
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Targum Psalm 49:11
Targum Psalm 68:19
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Ephesians 4:8
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Targum Psalm 68:19
Targum Psalm 91:13
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Luke 10:19
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Targum Psalm 91:13
Targum Psalm 118:22
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Mark 11:9
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Targum Psalm 118:22
Targum Psalm 118:22
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Psalm 118:22
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Matthew 21:42
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Targum Psalm 118:22
Jerusalem Genesis
The Targums and the New Testament
While Hellenistic influence can by no means be excluded a priori, its importance should not be exaggerated. It may well be that what at first sight appears Greek may on more detailed analysis be shown as typically Jewish. And in point of fact such has often been the case, at least as far as the immediate source of the concepts in question go. In some cases there may be a remote Greek influence, in so far as Judaism had already assimi lated a number of Greek ideas. It is natural, in any event, that we should ex plore Judaism to the full to see what light it has to shed on the New Testament. It is the most likely source for immediate influence on the New Testament writers, and so far it has proved by far the richest source for New Testament parallels.
It is not sufficient, however, to say that parallels to New Testament texts, to passages from the Gospels in particular, are to be sought in Judaism rather than in Hellenism. Judaism in the New Testament period had a variety of currents within it. One must also seek to determine to what particular form of Judaism the New Testament writings are most closely related, to see which form has influenced these writings the most. This approach will have a bearing not merely on the interpretation of in dividual texts but on our overall view of the New Testament and its relation to the Jewish religion. Before this can be done, however, the relation of the New Testament to the individual forms of Jewish religion must first be considered.
It is not sufficient, however, to say that parallels to New Testament texts, to passages from the Gospels in particular, are to be sought in Judaism rather than in Hellenism. Judaism in the New Testament period had a variety of currents within it. One must also seek to determine to what particular form of Judaism the New Testament writings are most closely related, to see which form has influenced these writings the most. This approach will have a bearing not merely on the interpretation of in dividual texts but on our overall view of the New Testament and its relation to the Jewish religion. Before this can be done, however, the relation of the New Testament to the individual forms of Jewish religion must first be considered.
McNamara, Martin Targum and Testament Revisited Aramaic Paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible: A Light on the New Testament William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010
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