Texts in Conversation
1 Timothy says God is the eternal King, a title also used in the Aramaic translation of Isaiah in the Targum, where the eternal King prepares judgment and the Memra executes it. Both likely draw on a shared Aramaic tradition.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1 Timothy 1:17
New Testament
15 This saying is trustworthy and deserves full acceptance: “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners”—and I am the worst of them! 16 But here is why I was treated with mercy: so that in me as the worst, Christ Jesus could demonstrate his utmost patience, as an example for those who are going to believe in him for eternal life. 17 Now to the eternal King, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever! Amen.
Jonathan Isaiah 30:33
Targum
31 For through the voice of the Memra of the LORD the Assyrian will be broken, he who struck with his power. 32 And the LORD will bring down the vengeance of His might at every passing of their princes and mighty ones, even among them. The house of Israel will praise with tambourines and harps, because of the mighty war that will be waged for them against the nations. 33 For hell is made ready from eternity on account of their sins; the eternal King has prepared it deep and wide; a fiery pyre with abundance of fuel burns in it; the Memra of the LORD, like an overwhelming torrent of brimstone, will kindle it.
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Notes and References
"... Awareness of such divine remembrance is a foretaste of the “consolation(s)” people are to enjoy as a consequence of divine judgment (see Targum 2 Samuel 23:1; Targum Isaiah 8:2; 18:4; 40:1-2; Targum Jeremiah 12:5; 31:6, 26; Targum Hosea 6:2, with Luke 2:24-25; 6:24; Acts 4:36; Romans 15:5; 2 Corinthians 1:7; 1 Thessalonians 2:3-4). Moreover, favorable judgment may be attributed to an angelic advocate, designated by the Greek term parakletos (so Targum Job 33:23 and John 14:16-17, 26; 15:26; 16:7; 1 John 2:1-2). In all this, God acts as sovereign, the king of the ages (see Targum Isaiah 6:5; 30:33 Targum Jeremiah 10:10; Targum Zechariah 14:16; as well as 1 Timothy 1:17; [Revelation 15:3]), who is able to raise the dead with the sound of a trumpet (see 1 Corinthians 15:52; 1 Thessalonians 4:16, and Exodus 20:18) ..."
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