"... While the relevance of the Jewish background concerning the intertextual influences upon Pauline literature has long been recognized, the Targums rarely have been considered in constructing that intertextual background. The advancements made in Targum and New Testament intertextual studies have not gained the impact in Pauline research equal to its potential. This essay offers evidence of an intertextual relationship between Paul and the Targums in support of a call for further consideration of the Targums in Pauline research. Scholars have recognized already some parallels between exegetical material in the Targums and Paul’s letters. For example, Martin McNamara identified shared vocabulary and similar exegesis of Deuteronomy 30:11–14 by Paul in Romans 10:6–8 and Targum Neofiti. Craig A. Evans noted the parallel occurrences of “first Adam” in Targum Psalms and 1 Corinthians 15:45–47, and argued that the phrase was “distinctly targumic.” Paul Flesher and Chilton suggested that the parallel understanding of the phrase “everyone hangs upon a tree” as a sanction of the Judaic Law in both Galatians 3:13 and the Targum of Ruth indicates a “common midrashic possibility.” While these examples do suggest some level of interaction between Paul and targumic exegetical traditions, as witness in the Targums of the Pentateuch and the Writings, little has been found concerning Targum Jonathan of the Prophets. The remainder of this essay will explore a number of parallels between Targum Jonathan of the Prophets and Paul’s letter to the Romans, suggestive of an intertextual relationship ..."