Comparing Groups

Hebrew Bible Ancient Near East
Arc diagram of the connections between Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible books

684 Connections Found

Reverse Comparison

Genesis

Genesis 1:2 / Enuma Elish I Genesis 1:2 / KTU 1.18 IV:21 Genesis 1:3 / The Memphite Theology Genesis 1:5 / KTU 1.115:14 Genesis 1:6 / Enuma Elish IV Genesis 1:6 / Song of the Hoe Genesis 1:14 / Enuma Elish V Genesis 1:21 / Enuma Elish IV Genesis 1:26 / The Creation of the King Genesis 1:26 / KTU 1.10 I:4 Genesis 1:28 / Atrahasis Genesis 1:28 / KTU 1.23:62 Genesis 1:28 / KTU 1.15 II:23 Genesis 1:30 / Great Hymn to the Aten Genesis 1:31 / The Memphite Theology Genesis 2:2 / KTU 1.4 VI:31 Genesis 2:2 / Enuma Elish VI Genesis 2:2 / Gudea Cylinders B v 1 Genesis 2:7 / Atrahasis Genesis 2:7 / Eridu Genesis VI Genesis 2:7 / Epic of Gilgamesh I 99 Genesis 2:7 / KTU 1.16 V:29 Genesis 2:8 / Epic of Gilgamesh V 6 Genesis 2:8 / KTU 1.4 V:6 Genesis 2:15 / Atrahasis Genesis 2:15 / Book of Opening the Mouth 10:7 Genesis 3:1 / Coffin Texts Spell 714 Genesis 3:1 / KTU 1.100:2 Genesis 3:1 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 305 Genesis 3:5 / Book of Opening the Mouth 5:5 Genesis 3:5 / KTU 1.10 I:3 Genesis 3:14 / Book of Overthrowing Apophis Genesis 3:14 / Pyramid Texts Spell 204 Genesis 3:16 / KTU 1.12 I:25 Genesis 3:22 / Epic of Gilgamesh I 200 Genesis 3:22 / Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment B, lines 78–91 Genesis 3:24 / Epic of Gilgamesh IX 42 Genesis 3:24 / KTU 1.23:68 Genesis 4:2 / Sumerian King List 1:6 Genesis 4:22 / KTU 1.1 III:4 Genesis 5:5 / Sumerian King List 1:1 Genesis 5:21 / Sumerian King List 1:8 Genesis 5:24 / Adapa and the South Wind, Fragment A, line 4 Genesis 5:28 / Sumerian King List 1:9 Genesis 6:2 / KTU 1.23:51 Genesis 6:13 / Eridu Genesis IV Genesis 6:13 / Atrahasis Genesis 6:14 / Atrahasis Genesis 6:14 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 24 Genesis 7:1 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 84 Genesis 7:1 / Atrahasis Genesis 7:3 / Eridu Genesis VI Genesis 7:8 / Atrahasis Genesis 7:10 / Eridu Genesis V Genesis 7:10 / Atrahasis Genesis 7:11 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 92 Genesis 7:11 / KTU 1.19 I:45 / Genesis 8:2 Genesis 7:16 / Atrahasis Genesis 7:17 / Sumerian King List 1:11 Genesis 7:19 / The Sargon Geography 31–32 Genesis 8:4 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 137 Genesis 8:7 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 147 Genesis 8:9 / The Sargon Geography 31–32 Genesis 8:21 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 157 Genesis 8:21 / Atrahasis Genesis 9:13 / Enuma Elish VI Genesis 9:13 / Atrahasis Genesis 9:15 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 166 Genesis 10:5 / KTU 1.4 VI:46 Genesis 11:1 / Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta Genesis 11:4 / Summa Alu 1 Genesis 14:18 / KTU 2.81:2 Genesis 14:19 / KAI 26.iii Genesis 14:19 / KTU 1.17 I:24 Genesis 15:1 / KTU 2.30:21 Genesis 15:2 / KTU 1.14 I:35 Genesis 16:2 / Code of Hammurabi §146 Genesis 16:11 / KTU 1.12 I:25 Genesis 18:1 / KTU 1.17 V:6 Genesis 18:6 / KTU 1.17 V:16 Genesis 18:10 / KTU 1.14 III:46 Genesis 18:12 / KTU 1.17 II:10 Genesis 19:36 / KTU 1.23:50 Genesis 20:17 / KTU 1.16 V:27 Genesis 24:4 / KTU 1.14 III:39 Genesis 25:25 / Epic of Gilgamesh I 103 Genesis 26:24 / KTU 2.30:21 Genesis 27:4 / KTU 1.16 VI:8 Genesis 27:15 / KTU 1.19 IV:46 Genesis 28:12 / KTU 1.14 I:31 Genesis 30:3 / Code of Hammurabi §144 Genesis 31:53 / Treaty of Kadesh 1:21 Genesis 34:12 / KTU 1.24:19 Genesis 35:18 / KTU 1.18 IV:36 Genesis 48:5 / Code of Hammurabi §185 Genesis 49:4 / KTU 1.16 VI:55 Genesis 49:11 / KTU 1.4 IV:37 Genesis 49:25 / KTU 1.17 I:23 Genesis 49:25 / KTU 1.23:24 Genesis 49:25 / KTU 1.15 II:26 Genesis 49:25 / KTU 1.15 II:16 Genesis 49:25 / Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions

Exodus

Exodus 2:3 / The Sargon Legend I:1-10 Exodus 3:1 / Papyrus Anastasi VI Exodus 3:14 / Soleb Inscription Exodus 3:14 / Report of Wenamun 1:40 Exodus 4:22 / KTU 1.3 V:35 Exodus 6:3 / Soleb Inscription Exodus 9:3 / KTU 2.10:12 Exodus 14:21 / KTU 1.2 IV:31 Exodus 15:8 / KTU 1.3 III:38 Exodus 15:17 / KTU 1.3 III:30 Exodus 17:14 / KAI 26.iii Exodus 19:5 / KTU 2.39:12 Exodus 20:5 / Surpu III Exodus 20:22 / Code of Hammurabi v 14 Exodus 20:24 / Code of Hammurabi xlvii 79 Exodus 21:2 / Code of Hammurabi §117 Exodus 21:6 / Code of Hammurabi §282 Exodus 21:10 / Code of Hammurabi §148 Exodus 21:13 / Code of Hammurabi §207 Exodus 21:15 / Code of Hammurabi §195 Exodus 21:16 / Code of Hammurabi §14 Exodus 21:17 / Code of Hammurabi §192 Exodus 21:19 / Code of Hammurabi §206 Exodus 21:20 / Code of Hammurabi §116 Exodus 21:22 / Code of Hammurabi §209 Exodus 21:23 / Code of Hammurabi §196 Exodus 21:26 / Code of Hammurabi §199 Exodus 21:28 / Code of Hammurabi §251 Exodus 21:29 / Code of Hammurabi §251 Exodus 21:33 / Code of Hammurabi §229 Exodus 22:1 / Code of Hammurabi §265 Exodus 22:2 / Code of Hammurabi §21 Exodus 22:5 / Code of Hammurabi §57 Exodus 22:6 / Code of Hammurabi §120 Exodus 22:11 / Code of Hammurabi §266 Exodus 22:14 / Code of Hammurabi §244 Exodus 22:22 / Code of Hammurabi xlvii 59 Exodus 22:22 / Code of Ur Nammu Exodus 22:22 / KTU 1.16 VI:48 Exodus 22:25 / Code of Hammurabi gap §t Exodus 23:6 / Code of Hammurabi xlviii 59 Exodus 23:8 / Code of Hammurabi §5 Exodus 24:10 / KTU 1.6 I:56 Exodus 24:10 / KAR 307 Exodus 24:11 / KTU 1.4 VI:39 Exodus 24:16 / KTU 1.17 I:15 Exodus 25:40 / Gudea Cylinders A v 4 Exodus 27:13 / Battle of Kadesh Inscriptions 3:4 Exodus 28:2 / Book of Opening the Mouth 4:2 Exodus 30:7 / Daily Temple Ritual of Amun 4:7 / Psalm 141:2 Exodus 31:3 / KTU 1.4 I:23 Exodus 32:20 / KTU 1.6 II:34 Exodus 32:32 / Enuma Elish I Exodus 33:9 / KTU 1.3 V:7 Exodus 34:6 / KTU 1.6 I:49

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 3:13 / KTU 1.108:23 Deuteronomy 4:2 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:397-409 Deuteronomy 4:8 / Code of Hammurabi xlvii 79 Deuteronomy 4:15 / KTU 1.2 IV:26 Deuteronomy 4:19 / KTU 1.10 I:4 Deuteronomy 5:7 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §5 Deuteronomy 6:4 / Treaty of Kadesh 1:21 Deuteronomy 6:5 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §24 Deuteronomy 7:6 / KTU 2.39:12 Deuteronomy 9:14 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:537-544 Deuteronomy 9:21 / KTU 1.6 II:34 Deuteronomy 10:18 / KTU 1.16 VI:45 Deuteronomy 10:18 / Instruction of Amenemope Deuteronomy 10:18 / Code of Ur Nammu Deuteronomy 10:18 / KTU 1.19 I:23 Deuteronomy 12:32 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:397-409 Deuteronomy 13:1 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §§9–11 Deuteronomy 13:6 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §6 Deuteronomy 13:9 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §12 Deuteronomy 14:1 / KTU 1.5 VI:17 Deuteronomy 14:2 / KTU 2.39:12 Deuteronomy 15:9 / KTU 1.96:2 Deuteronomy 15:12 / Code of Hammurabi §117 Deuteronomy 16:18 / Code of Hammurabi i 27 Deuteronomy 16:19 / Code of Hammurabi §5 Deuteronomy 17:3 / KTU 1.10 I:4 Deuteronomy 17:15 / Code of Hammurabi i 27 Deuteronomy 19:14 / Instruction of Amenemope Deuteronomy 19:14 / Surpu II Deuteronomy 19:16 / Code of Hammurabi §3 Deuteronomy 20:19 / KTU 2.61:10 Deuteronomy 21:17 / Code of Hammurabi §165 Deuteronomy 22:1 / Code of Hammurabi §9 Deuteronomy 22:8 / Code of Hammurabi §229 Deuteronomy 22:13 / Code of Hammurabi §159 Deuteronomy 22:22 / Code of Hammurabi §129 Deuteronomy 23:15 / Treaty of Kadesh 1:20 Deuteronomy 23:15 / Code of Hammurabi §16 Deuteronomy 23:19 / Code of Hammurabi gap §t Deuteronomy 23:23 / Surpu II Deuteronomy 24:10 / Code of Hammurabi §49 Deuteronomy 24:16 / Code of Hammurabi §230 Deuteronomy 25:3 / Code of Hammurabi §202 Deuteronomy 26:14 / KTU 1.20 II:10 Deuteronomy 26:19 / KTU 2.39:7 Deuteronomy 28:23 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §§62–65 Deuteronomy 28:24 / KTU 1.19 I:44 Deuteronomy 28:27 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §§37–42 Deuteronomy 28:53 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §§46–47 Deuteronomy 28:54 / KTU 1.96:3 Deuteronomy 29:20 / Treaty between Mursilis II and Duppi Tesup Deuteronomy 29:20 / Code of Hammurabi xlix 53 Deuteronomy 29:20 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon 1:537-544 Deuteronomy 29:20 / KAI 26.iii Deuteronomy 30:19 / The Treaty between Suppiluliumas and Kurtiwaza Deuteronomy 31:14 / KTU 1.3 V:7 Deuteronomy 32:6 / KTU 1.3 V:35 Deuteronomy 32:8 / KTU 1.4 VI:46 Deuteronomy 32:10 / KTU 1.23:68 Deuteronomy 32:11 / KTU 1.18 IV:21 Deuteronomy 32:14 / KTU 1.4 IV:37 Deuteronomy 32:23 / KTU 1.82:3 Deuteronomy 32:42 / KTU 1.3 II:27 Deuteronomy 33:2 / KTU 1.14 II:34 Deuteronomy 33:2 / Papyrus Harris I Deuteronomy 33:2 / Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions Deuteronomy 33:2 / Soleb Inscription Deuteronomy 33:17 / Code of Hammurabi iii 7 Deuteronomy 33:26 / KTU 1.3 III:37

Isaiah

Isaiah 1:3 / Papyrus Lansing Isaiah 1:17 / KTU 1.16 VI:45 Isaiah 1:17 / Code of Hammurabi xlvii 59 Isaiah 5:14 / KTU 1.5 I:31 Isaiah 5:23 / Code of Hammurabi §5 Isaiah 6:3 / KTU 1.91:15 Isaiah 6:4 / KTU 1.4 VII:31 Isaiah 6:8 / KTU 1.2 I:20 Isaiah 7:14 / KTU 1.24:7 Isaiah 8:7 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Isaiah 8:19 / KTU 1.6 VI:47 Isaiah 9:2 / Code of Hammurabi iv 64 Isaiah 9:6 / KTU 1.10 III:35 Isaiah 11:6 / Enki and Ninhursag Isaiah 11:15 / KTU 1.3 III:41 Isaiah 14:9 / KTU 1.20 I:1 Isaiah 14:9 / KTU 1.161:2 Isaiah 14:13 / KTU 1.23:52 Isaiah 19:1 / KTU 1.3 III:37 Isaiah 19:16 / The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon §§90–93 Isaiah 22:12 / KTU 1.5 VI:14 Isaiah 22:12 / KTU 1.16 I:6 Isaiah 24:21 / KTU 1.10 I:4 Isaiah 25:8 / KTU 1.5 I:7 Isaiah 26:14 / KTU 1.20 II:1 Isaiah 26:19 / KTU 1.22 I:5 Isaiah 27:1 / KTU 1.5 I:1 Isaiah 28:15 / KTU 1.5 I:14 Isaiah 29:13 / Surpu II Isaiah 33:21 / KTU 1.2 III:4 Isaiah 34:6 / KTU 1.3 II:27 Isaiah 35:3 / Surpu IV Isaiah 36:4 / The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib Isaiah 36:10 / The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib Isaiah 40:28 / KTU 1.10 III:6 Isaiah 41:8 / KTU 1.14 I:40 Isaiah 42:7 / Surpu IV Isaiah 42:15 / KTU 1.2 IV:31 Isaiah 44:27 / KTU 1.2 IV:31 Isaiah 45:1 / The Cyrus Cylinder Isaiah 45:9 / KTU 1.16 V:29 Isaiah 45:12 / Enuma Elish IV Isaiah 49:5 / Code of Hammurabi ii 48 Isaiah 49:26 / KTU 1.3 II:20 Isaiah 50:2 / KTU 1.2 IV:31 Isaiah 51:9 / KTU 1.3 III:38 Isaiah 55:1 / KTU 1.17 VI:26 / KTU 1.23:6 Isaiah 56:5 / KTU 1.17 I:26 Isaiah 57:15 / KTU 1.10 III:6 Isaiah 58:9 / Code of Hammurabi §127 Isaiah 59:18 / KTU 1.3 II:8 Isaiah 63:3 / KTU 1.3 II:27 Isaiah 63:16 / KTU 1.3 V:35 Isaiah 64:1 / KTU 1.4 VII:19 Isaiah 64:8 / KTU 1.3 V:35

Psalms

Psalm 2:6 / KTU 1.6 VI:12 Psalms 2:7 / Code of Hammurabi ii 13 Psalm 2:7 / KTU 1.14 II:7 Psalm 6:5 / KTU 1.22 I:8 Psalm 6:6 / KTU 1.14 I:30 Psalm 7:2 / KTU 1.180:2 Psalm 8:1 / Epic of Gilgamesh VI 182 Psalm 8:2 / KTU 1.23:60 Psalm 14:1 / KTU 1.16 VI:26 / Psalm 53:1 Psalm 15:1 / KTU 1.3 V:7 Psalm 15:4 / Surpu II Psalm 16:4 / KTU 1.6 VI:45 Psalm 16:7 / KTU 1.16 VI:25 Psalm 17:15 / KTU 1.2 IV:26 Psalm 18:2 / The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib Psalm 18:5 / KTU 1.5 I:14 Psalm 18:11 / KTU 1.3 III:38 Psalm 19:6 / Code of Hammurabi i 27 Psalm 19:7 / KTU 1.3 V:30 Psalm 19:12 / Surpu III Psalm 22:2 / The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer Psalm 22:21 / KTU 1.10 II:22 Psalm 23:5 / Daily Temple Ritual of Amun 8:21 Psalm 24:3 / Book of the Dead 125 Psalm 24:3 / Papyrus Salt 825 Psalm 24:7 / KAR 58 Psalm 24:7 / KTU 1.2 I:27 Psalm 24:7 / Daily Temple Ritual of Amun 2:17 Psalm 24:10 / KUB IV.1 Psalm 26:2 / Dialogue Between a Man and his God Psalm 27:4 / KTU 1.3 III:31 Psalm 27:6 / KTU 1.3 V:7 Psalm 29:8 / KTU 1.4 VII:31 Psalm 30:12 / KTU 1.3 II:23 Psalm 33:7 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 38:2 / KTU 2.10:12 Psalm 45:1 / KTU 1.24:1 Psalm 45:2 / A Praise Poem of Shulgi Psalm 45:2 / The Creation of the King Psalm 45:6 / KTU 1.16 I:10 Psalm 45:16 / KTU 1.15 II:23 Psalm 46:4 / KTU 1.3 III:30 Psalm 48:2 / KTU 1.4 V:54 Psalm 48:5 / KTU 1.6 VI:12 Psalm 49:14 / KTU 1.4 VIII:17 Psalms 50:1 / Code of Hammurabi i 27 Psalm 58:10 / KTU 1.3 II:27 Psalm 65:7 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 66:13 / KTU 1.119:30 Psalm 68:4 / KTU 1.3 III:38 Psalm 68:23 / KTU 1.3 II:27 Psalm 69:3 / The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer Psalm 69:28 / A Hymn to Nungal Psalm 72:1 / Code of Hammurabi i 27 Psalm 72:4 / KTU 1.16 VI:46 Psalm 72:8 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 73:9 / KTU 1.5 II:2 Psalm 74:7 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 109 Psalm 74:12 / KTU 1.3 III:37 Psalms 74:13 / KTU 1.5 I:1 Psalm 74:13 / KTU 1.2 IV:21 Psalms 74:14 / Ninurta's Exploits Psalms 74:16 / Enuma Elish V Psalm 77:16 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 78:35 / Surpu II Psalm 82:1 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 119 Psalm 82:1 / KTU 1.2 I:13 Psalm 82:1 / Epic of Gilgamesh XI 7 Psalm 82:1 / KAI 26.iii Psalm 82:3 / KTU 1.16 VI:45 Psalm 86:15 / KTU 1.6 I:49 Psalm 88:12 / KTU 1.22 I:8 Psalm 89:7 / KTU 1.2 I:20 Psalm 89:10 / KTU 1.3 III:38 Psalm 89:17 / KTU 1.10 II:22 Psalm 89:25 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 89:26 / KTU 1.14 II:7 Psalm 90:6 / KTU 1.16 II:24 Psalm 91:5 / KTU 1.82:3 Psalm 92:9 / KTU 1.2 IV:8 Psalm 92:10 / KTU 1.10 II:22 Psalm 93:4 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 102:27 / KTU 1.10 III:6 Psalm 103:8 / KTU 1.6 I:49 Psalm 104:3 / KTU 1.3 III:38 Psalm 104:3 / Enuma Elish IV Psalm 104:9 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 104:20 / Great Hymn to the Aten Psalm 104:24 / KTU 1.3 V:30 Psalms 104:26 / KTU 1.5 I:1 Psalm 106:9 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 106:28 / KTU 1.20 I:4 Psalm 107:20 / KTU 1.16 V:27 Psalm 110:5 / KTU 1.6 VI:12 Psalm 114:3 / KTU 1.2 IV:25 Psalm 114:7 / KTU 1.4 VII:32 Psalm 115:17 / KTU 1.22 I:8 Psalm 135:4 / KTU 2.39:7 Psalm 139:16 / A Prayer to Nabu Psalms 140:10 / Code of Hammurabi §157 Psalm 141:7 / KTU 1.5 II:4 Psalm 145:8 / KTU 1.6 I:49 Psalm 145:13 / KTU 1.2 IV:10 Psalm 146:8 / Surpu IV Psalm 148:3 / KTU 1.10 I:4 Psalm 148:4 / Enuma Elish IV

Ancient Near Eastern Literature and the Hebrew Bible

Classical and Near Eastern parallels have been used to illuminate the biblical text for as long as there have been biblical studies. Already according to Philo Judaeus, writing in Greek and living in the shadow of the great Greek library of Alexandria in the first half century of the Common Era, Abraham "becomes a speculative philosopher," a role-model for the sect of Jewish ascetics that he described as Therapeutae. Nine centuries later, Saadiah Gaon, likewise born in Egypt but living in the equally stimulating atmosphere of Abbasid Baghdad, freely employed his knowledge of Arabic to solve cruces of Biblical Hebrew. But it again took almost another millennium before biblical names, words, and themes, were to be juxtaposed, not just to those of the contemporary world, but to those long lost to sight and mind in the buried cities of the past.

... the combination of an intertextual and a contextual approach to biblical literature holds out the promise that this millennial corpus will continue to yield new meanings on all levels: the meaning that it holds for ourselves in our own contemporary context, the meanings it has held for readers, worshippers, artists and others in the two millennia and more since the close of the canon; the meaning that it held for its own authors and the audiences of their times; and finally the meanings that it held when it was part of an earlier literary corpus.
Hallo, William W. The Context of Scripture: Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World (pp. xxv-xxviii) Brill, 2003

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