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Habakkuk 3 describes God marching with deities in front of and behind him, similar to the Epic of Gilgamesh, where the storm god Adad is led by his servants. Both follow a pattern common in ancient Near Eastern stories about gods on the move.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Epic of Gilgamesh XI 99

Ancient Near East, Babylonian
97 At the very first light of dawn– 98 there came up from the horizon a black cloud, 99 within it did Adad bellow continually. 100 Šullat and Haniš were going at the fore, 101 “throne-bearers” travelling over mountain and land. 102 Errakal was ripping out the mooring poles; 103 Ninurta, as he went, made the weirs overflow. 104 The Anunnaki bore torches aloft, 105 setting the land aglow with their brilliance.
Date: 2100 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)

Habakkuk 3:5

Hebrew Bible
4 His brightness will be as lightning; a two-pronged lightning bolt flashing from his hand. This is the outward display of his power. 5 Plague will go before him; pestilence will march right behind him. 6 He took his battle position and shook the earth; with a mere look he frightened the nations. The ancient mountains disintegrated; the primeval hills were flattened. His are ancient roads.
Date: 600–501 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#3811
"... Although it is possible that the text alludes in some way to the plagues of the Exodus, it seems more likely in light of the Ancient Near Eastern background that verse 5 gives a description of God’s semi-divine military attendants. Perhaps these are members of the heavenly council, or perhaps this is a polemic against well-known deities. It is clear that Resheph was a very prominent god in the ancient Near East, and it is possible that Deber should also be considered an Ancient Near Eastern deity. At any rate, in this text these attendants are in complete submission to the Divine Warrior, ready to do the commander’s bidding. Deber acts as the forerunner of the march and Resheph brings up the rear. Similarly, Marduk also deploys attendants to prepare the way for battle (Enuma Elish IV.42-43). Erra has seven deities march at his side (Context of Scripture 1:113: I.1-110), and the storm god Adad is accompanied by his two heralds, Shullat and Hanish (Gilgamesh 11:96-100). Even Baal does not fight alone—he has Kothar-wa-Ḫasis prepare two weapons for him, both of whose names describe their function (ygrš, “Driver,” and ’ymr, “Expeller”). ..."
Tyler J. Patty, “Ancient Near Eastern Literature and the Psalm of Habakkuk 3” (diss., Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2015), 1–24.

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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