Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta

Ancient Near East

At such a time, may the lands of Subur and Hamazi, the many-tongued, and Sumer, the great mountain of the me of magnificence, and Akkad, the land possessing all that is befitting, and the Martu land, resting in security—the whole universe, the well-guarded people—may they all address Enlil together in a single language! For at that time, for the ambitious lords, for the ambitious princes, for the ambitious kings, Enki, the lord of abundance and of steadfast decisions, the wise and knowing lord of the Land, the expert of the gods, chosen for wisdom, the lord of Eridug, shall change the speech in their mouths, as many as he had placed there, and so the speech of mankind is truly one.’”

Genesis 11:1

Hebrew Bible

1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary. 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.) 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves. Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.” 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them. 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.” 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world, and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.

 Notes and References

"... The damaged nature of the Sumerian tablets prevents the closer comparison to the Noah story that is possible with the later Babylonian-period material. Nonetheless, the Mesopotamian King List attributes great age to the kings who ruled prior to the flood, with the reigns of the earliest Sumerian kings of up to 62,000 years far outstripping the 969-year life span of Methuselah, the oldest man in the Bible (Genesis 5:27). Nevertheless, there is a shared view that the flood marks a dividing line in terms of the length of human life, although in the Bible, God announces a shorter human life span just before the flood (Genesis 6:3). In addition, according to Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, all humans spoke a single language until Enki (Ea) introduced diverse tongues, which parallels how Yahweh confused the tongues of those building the tower of Babel (Genesis 11) ..."

McLaughlin, John L. The Ancient Near East: An Essential Guide (p. 14) Abingdon Press, 2012

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