Leviticus 11:19
Hebrew Bible
17 the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl, 18 the white owl, the scops owl, the osprey, 19 the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat. 20 “‘Every winged swarming thing that walks on all fours is detestable to you. 21 However, this you may eat from all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours, which have jointed legs to hop with on the land.
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
LXX Leviticus 11:19
Septuagint
17 and the horned owl and cormorant and the ibis 18 and the water-hen and pelican and the swan 19 and the little owl and the heron and plover and the birds resembling it; and the hoopoe and the bat 20 ‘And all of the winged creatures that creep, that go on four feet, they are an abomination to you 21 But you may eat of these: of the creeping winged creatures that move on four feet, which have legs up from its feet to hop by along the ground
Date: 3rd Century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... the identification of אנפה (anaphah, possibly "heron") remains very problematic, if not impossible. In the Septuagint of Leviticus and Deuteronomy, it is mainly rendered with χαραδριός (charadrios), a legendary bird whose identification is similarly unclear, and which may be a fantastic [mythological] bird. Overall, it is difficult to understand the logic of this final section, as well as the main features shared by the birds listed here. Driver argued that some or even most of them were fishing birds, yet apart from the case of the stork, this is not self-evident for other birds on the list. Furthermore, the identification of these birds often relies on conjectures based on ancient translations or zoological observations, which sometimes remain speculative ..."
Angelini, Anna and Christophe Nihan
"Unclean Birds in the Hebrew and Greek Versions of Leviticus and Deuteronomy" in Himbaza, Innocent (ed.) The Text of Leviticus: Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium of the Dominique Barthélemy Institute
(pp. 39-68) Peeters, 2020
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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