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In 2 Samuel, David chooses a plague over famine or war, expressing trust in divine mercy. The Septuagint adds that David chose death for himself, shifting the tone to suggest his choice was sacrificial, depicting him as willing to suffer with his people.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
2 Samuel 24:15
Hebrew Bible
14 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer that we be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is great; I do not want to be attacked by human hands!” 15 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel from the morning until the completion of the appointed time, and 70,000 people died from Dan to Beer Sheba. 16 When the angel extended his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented from his judgment. He told the angel who was killing the people, “That’s enough! Stop now!” (Now the angel of the Lord was near the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.)
Date: 600–501 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
LXX 2 Samuel 24:15
Septuagint
14 And David said to Gad, On every side I am much straitened: let me fall now into the hands of the Lord, for his compassions are very many; and let me not fall into the hands of man. So David chose for himself death. 15 And they were the days of wheat harvest; and the Lord sent a pestilence upon Israel from morning till noon, and the plague began among the people; and there died of the people from Dan even to Beersheba seventy thousand men. 16 And the angel of God stretched out his hand against Jerusalem to destroy it, and the Lord repented of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough now, withhold your hand. And the angel of the Lord was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
Date: 100–1 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... In Josephus’ narrative, David rejects both famine and war on moral grounds: they would not affect him, at least not to the same extent as his people: the king would have “much grain stored up” and “heroes around himself as well as fortresses.” Instead, he “requested a suffering common to both kings and subjects”, that is, the plague. Josephus’ formulation highlights David’s moral integrity in taking more personal risk in the punishment of his own mistake with the census and it may be based on Josephus’ somewhat idealized portrait of David. Taken separately, neither the invented theme of moral deliberation, nor the expression “he requested” would be sufficient to claim that Josephus followed the Septuagint plus “and David chose for himself death.” It is quite unclear what the Masoretic text actually implies here ..."
Tuukka Kauhanen, “Josephus' Sources and Motivations in Depicting Davidic Kingship,” in Scriptures in the Making: Texts and Their Transmission in Late Second Temple Judaism, ed. Raimo Hakola (Leuven: Peeters, 2022), 265–282.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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