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Jonathan Micah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

About this book

Rulers Who Oppress the People

Chapter 3

1 I said, “Listen, leaders of Jacob and rulers of Israel’s house! Shouldn’t you understand justice? 2 You hate doing good and love doing evil. You⁠ seize My people’s possessions and take away their precious wealth. 3 You plunder My people’s possessions and take away their precious wealth, using up whatever remains. You divide them again, like someone breaking limbs into a pot, pieces into a cauldron.

4 “Then they will pray before the Lord, but He will not accept their prayer. At that time He will⁠ withdraw His Shekinah from them, because they have acted wickedly.”

False Prophets

5 The Lord says this about the false prophets who mislead My people. For someone who feeds them a feast of meat, they prophesy peace. Against someone who does not feed them, they prepare war.

6 So you will be ashamed to prophesy and⁠ humiliated to teach. Trouble like darkness will cover the false prophets, and their time will grow dark.

7 The false prophets will be ashamed, and the teachers humiliated. All will cover their upper lips like mourners, for they have no spirit of prophecy from the Lord.

8 But I am filled with the strength of the prophetic spirit from the Lord, with true judgment and courage, to tell Jacob his offenses and Israel his sins.

Judgment on Jerusalem

9 Listen to this, leaders of Jacob’s house and rulers of Israel’s house! You corrupt the ways of justice and twist everything that is right. 10 You build⁠ your houses in Zion through bloodshed, and Jerusalem through deceit.

11 Her leaders judge for bribes, her priests instruct for payment, and her prophets teach for silver. Yet they rely on the Lord’s Memra, saying, “Isn’t the Lord’s Shekinah among us? No disaster will come upon us,” they say.

12 So because of your sins Zion will be plowed like a field. Jerusalem will become heaps of rubble, and the mountain of the sanctuary a wooded thicket.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 3:6 and Jonathan Micah 3:6

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Micah, diviners lose their visions. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, teachers are humiliated instead, avoiding recognition of divination as an acceptable source of revelation.

Passages

Micah 3:6

Hebrew Bible
5 This is what the Lord has said about the prophets who mislead my people, “If someone gives them enough to eat, they offer an oracle of peace. But if someone does not give them food, they are ready to declare war on him.6 Therefore night will fall, and you will receive no visions; it will grow dark, and you will no longer be able to read the omens. The sun will set on these prophets, and the daylight will turn to darkness over their heads.7 The prophets will be ashamed; the omen readers will be humiliated. All of them will cover their mouths, for they will receive no divine oracles.”8 But I am full of the courage that the Lord’s Spirit gives and have a strong commitment to justice. This enables me to confront Jacob with its rebellion and Israel with its sin.
740–401 BCE Read in Micah

Jonathan Micah 3:6

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
5 The Lord says this about the false prophets who mislead My people. For someone who feeds them a feast of meat, they prophesy peace. Against someone who does not feed them, they prepare war.6 So you will be ashamed to prophesy and humiliated to teach. Trouble like darkness will cover the false prophets, and their time will grow dark.7 The false prophets will be ashamed, and the teachers humiliated. All will cover their upper lips like mourners, for they have no spirit of prophecy from the Lord.8 But I am filled with the strength of the prophetic spirit from the Lord, with true judgment and courage, to tell Jacob his offenses and Israel his sins.

References

“... MT “Therefore it shall be night for you—without vision, darkness for you—without divination.” (Read h’sekah for MT has‘kah.) It is not surprising that 7g. avoids any mention of divination, which was already regarded with suspicion in biblical times. Cf. Deut 18:10-14; | Sam 15:23; 2 Kgs 17:17. The apparent recognition of the status of divination by the prophet Micah is surprising, but see the remarks by Allen, The Book of Micah 313. Cf. also the commentary on 3:11 (note 24). ...”
Kevin J. Cathcart and Robert P. Gordon, The Targum of the Minor Prophets, ArBib 14 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989), 118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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