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Jonathan Micah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

About this book

Rulers Who Oppress the People

Chapter 3

1 I said, “Listen, leaders of Jacob and rulers of Israel’s house! Shouldn’t you understand justice? 2 You hate doing good and love doing evil. You⁠ seize My people’s possessions and take away their precious wealth. 3 You plunder My people’s possessions and take away their precious wealth, using up whatever remains. You divide them again, like someone breaking limbs into a pot, pieces into a cauldron.

4 “Then they will pray before the Lord, but He will not accept their prayer. At that time He will⁠ withdraw His Shekinah from them, because they have acted wickedly.”

False Prophets

5 The Lord says this about the false prophets who mislead My people. For someone who feeds them a feast of meat, they prophesy peace. Against someone who does not feed them, they prepare war.

6 So you will be ashamed to prophesy and⁠ humiliated to teach. Trouble like darkness will cover the false prophets, and their time will grow dark.

7 The false prophets will be ashamed, and the teachers humiliated. All will cover their upper lips like mourners, for they have no spirit of prophecy from the Lord.

8 But I am filled with the strength of the prophetic spirit from the Lord, with true judgment and courage, to tell Jacob his offenses and Israel his sins.

Judgment on Jerusalem

9 Listen to this, leaders of Jacob’s house and rulers of Israel’s house! You corrupt the ways of justice and twist everything that is right. 10 You build⁠ your houses in Zion through bloodshed, and Jerusalem through deceit.

11 Her leaders judge for bribes, her priests instruct for payment, and her prophets teach for silver. Yet they rely on the Lord’s Memra, saying, “Isn’t the Lord’s Shekinah among us? No disaster will come upon us,” they say.

12 So because of your sins Zion will be plowed like a field. Jerusalem will become heaps of rubble, and the mountain of the sanctuary a wooded thicket.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 3:4 and Jonathan Micah 3:4

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Micah, God hides his face from wicked rulers. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he withdraws his presence instead, describing their rejection without giving God a human face.

Passages

Micah 3:4

Hebrew Bible
2 yet you hate what is good and love what is evil. You flay my people’s skin and rip the flesh from their bones.3 You devour my people’s flesh, strip off their skin, and crush their bones. You chop them up like flesh in a pot—like meat in a kettle.4 Someday these sinful leaders will cry to the Lord for help, but he will not answer them. He will hide his face from them at that time, because they have done such wicked deeds.”5 This is what the Lord has said about the prophets who mislead my people, “If someone gives them enough to eat, they offer an oracle of peace. But if someone does not give them food, they are ready to declare war on him.
740–401 BCE Read in Micah

Jonathan Micah 3:4

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
2 You hate doing good and love doing evil. You seize My people’s possessions and take away their precious wealth. 3 You plunder My people’s possessions and take away their precious wealth, using up whatever remains. You divide them again, like someone breaking limbs into a pot, pieces into a cauldron.4 “Then they will pray before the Lord, but He will not accept their prayer. At that time He will withdraw His Shekinah from them, because they have acted wickedly.”5 The Lord says this about the false prophets who mislead My people. For someone who feeds them a feast of meat, they prophesy peace. Against someone who does not feed them, they prepare war.

References

“... For MT “answer them”. God does not have direct communication with humans, so he does not hide anything from them. Furthermore, God does not hide his face. See Smolar and Aberbach, Studies 138f. ...”
Kevin J. Cathcart and Robert P. Gordon, The Targum of the Minor Prophets, ArBib 14 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989), 118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 3:4 and Jonathan Micah 3:4

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