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Jonathan Micah

Targum · 200-300 C.E.

Targum Jonathan is the official eastern Babylonian Targum (interpretation) to the Hebrew prophets that contains added details not found in the Hebrew source. It is not to be confused with Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, an Aramaic translation of the Torah, which is often known as "Targum Jonathan" due to a Medieval printer's error. It originated, like Targum Onkelus for the Torah, in the synagogue reading of a translation from the Prophets. The Talmud attributes its authorship to Jonathan ben Uzziel, a pupil of Hillel the Elder. Material in this Targum family may date back to the 2nd Century C.E.

1As for you, Bethlehem Ephrath, you were too little to be numbered among the tribes of the house of Judah. From you before me the Messiah will go out to be a servant, a servant of rulership over Israel, whose name has been spoken from the beginning, from days of antiquity. 2 So the Lord will hand the people of Israel over to their enemies until the time when the woman in labor gives birth. Then the rest of the king’s countrymen will return to be reunited with the people of Israel. 3 He will assume his post and shepherd the people by the Lord’s strength, by the sovereign authority of the Lord his God. They will live securely, for at that time he will be honored even in the distant regions of the earth. 4 He will give us peace. Should the Assyrians try to invade our land and attempt to set foot in our fortresses, we will send against them seven shepherd-rulers, make that eight commanders. 5 They will rule the land of Assyria with the sword, the land of Nimrod with a drawn sword. Our king will rescue us from the Assyrians should they attempt to invade our land and try to set foot in our territory. 6 Those survivors from Jacob will live in the midst of many nations. They will be like the dew the Lord sends, like the rain on the grass, that does not hope for men to come or wait around for humans to arrive.