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Jonathan Jonah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

About this book

Jonah and the Plant

Chapter 4

1 And Jonah was deeply displeased by this, and he became angry. 2 And he prayed before the LORD and said: “Hear my plea, LORD! Isn’t this what I said would happen while I was still in my own land? This is why I hurried to flee to the sea, since I know that You, God, are merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in doing good, and You⁠ draw back Your Word from bringing about evil. 3 And now, LORD, please take my life from me, because I would rather die than live.”

4 And the LORD said, “Are you so angry?”

5 And Jonah went out from the city and sat east of the city and built a hut there and sat under it in the shade until he could see what would⁠ finally happen to the city. 6 And the LORD God appointed a castor oil plant, and it grew up over Jonah to be shade over his head, to shelter him from his discomfort, and Jonah was very happy about the castor oil plant.

7 And the LORD appointed a worm at dawn on the next day, and it struck the castor oil plant and it wilted. 8 And when the sun rose, the LORD provided a gentle east wind, and the sun beat down on Jonah’s head, and he grew faint and asked to die, saying, “I would rather die than live.”

9 And the LORD said to Jonah, “Are you so angry about that castor oil plant?” And he said, “Yes, I’m so angry I want to die!”

10 And the LORD said, “You pitied the castor oil plant which you didn’t work for and you didn’t grow. One night it was there and the next it was gone.

11 “And shouldn’t I have mercy on Nineveh, the great city which has more than a hundred and twenty thousand people who don’t know the difference between their right hand and their left, and many animals too?”

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 4:2 and Jonathan Jonah 4:2

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, God relents over threatened judgment. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he withdraws his Word to avert disaster, avoiding the suggestion that God experiences human regret.

Passages

Jonah 4:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This displeased Jonah terribly and he became very angry. 2 He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought would happen when I was in my own country. This is what I tried to prevent by attempting to escape to Tarshish, because I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in mercy, and one who relents concerning threatened judgment. 3 So now, Lord, kill me instead, because I would rather die than live!” 4 The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?”
539–332 BCE Read in Jonah

Jonathan Jonah 4:2

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
1 And Jonah was deeply displeased by this, and he became angry. 2 And he prayed before the LORD and said: “Hear my plea, LORD! Isn’t this what I said would happen while I was still in my own land? This is why I hurried to flee to the sea, since I know that You, God, are merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in doing good, and You draw back Your Word from bringing about evil. 3 And now, LORD, please take my life from me, because I would rather die than live.”4 And the LORD said, “Are you so angry?”

References

“... While column xii shows that other formularies could be found in this slot, Joel and Jonah give niqiim caZ-hiiriicd as part of the testimony. In these two passages, the verbal form is a participle (instead of the perfects we met in chapter 3). I have resorted to the subjunctive when translating this form because I want to bring out an interesting detail: as he ends his testimony, Jonah is not referring to the goings on in Nineveh-though the events are certainly on his mind-but is reasserting what seems a commonplace to him, that if given the slightest opportunity to do so, God customarily chooses not to punish evildoers. The same participial construction is found in Jer 8:6 where, however, the tone is ironic: "I [God] have strained to hear-yet they will deny it-but there is not one person who regrets his wickedness (niqiim caZ-riiCiito) by asking, 'What did I do?' Each is moving in set courses, like a horse plunging into combat." The Targum, once more, avoids anthropopathism by rendering, "who draws back his divine presence from allowing evil to happen" (mtyb mymryh mPyfh bysf). ...”
Jack M. Sasson, Jonah: A New Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Interpretation (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 282.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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