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Jonah

About this book

Jonah’s Anger and God’s Compassion

Chapter 4

1 This displeased Jonah terribly and he became very angry.⁠ 2 He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought would happen when I was in my own country. This is what I tried to prevent by attempting to escape to Tarshish, because I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in mercy,⁠ and one who relents concerning threatened judgment.⁠ 3 So now, Lord, kill me instead, because I would rather die than live!”⁠ 4 The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?” 5 Jonah left the city and sat down east of it. He made a shelter for himself there and sat down under it in the shade to see what would happen to the city.⁠

6 The Lord God appointed a little plant⁠ and caused it to grow up over Jonah to be a shade over his head to rescue him from his misery. Now Jonah was very delighted about the little plant. 7 So God sent a worm at dawn the next day, and it attacked the little plant so that it dried up. 8 When the sun began to shine, God sent a hot east wind. So the sun beat down on Jonah’s head, and he grew faint. So he despaired of life and said, “I would rather die than live!”

9 God said to Jonah, “Are you really so very angry about the little plant?” And he said, “I am as angry as I could possibly be!” 10 The Lord said, “You were upset about this little plant, something for which you did not work, nor did you do anything to make it grow. It grew up overnight and died the next day. 11 Should I not be more concerned about Nineveh, this enormous city? There are more than 120,000 people in it who do not know right from wrong, as well as many animals.”

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 4:2 and Jonathan Jonah 4:2

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, God relents over threatened judgment. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he withdraws his Word to avert disaster, avoiding the suggestion that God experiences human regret.

Passages

Jonah 4:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This displeased Jonah terribly and he became very angry. 2 He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought would happen when I was in my own country. This is what I tried to prevent by attempting to escape to Tarshish, because I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in mercy, and one who relents concerning threatened judgment. 3 So now, Lord, kill me instead, because I would rather die than live!” 4 The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?”
539–332 BCE Read in Jonah

Jonathan Jonah 4:2

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
1 And Jonah was deeply displeased by this, and he became angry. 2 And he prayed before the LORD and said: “Hear my plea, LORD! Isn’t this what I said would happen while I was still in my own land? This is why I hurried to flee to the sea, since I know that You, God, are merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in doing good, and You draw back Your Word from bringing about evil. 3 And now, LORD, please take my life from me, because I would rather die than live.”4 And the LORD said, “Are you so angry?”

References

“... While column xii shows that other formularies could be found in this slot, Joel and Jonah give niqiim caZ-hiiriicd as part of the testimony. In these two passages, the verbal form is a participle (instead of the perfects we met in chapter 3). I have resorted to the subjunctive when translating this form because I want to bring out an interesting detail: as he ends his testimony, Jonah is not referring to the goings on in Nineveh-though the events are certainly on his mind-but is reasserting what seems a commonplace to him, that if given the slightest opportunity to do so, God customarily chooses not to punish evildoers. The same participial construction is found in Jer 8:6 where, however, the tone is ironic: "I [God] have strained to hear-yet they will deny it-but there is not one person who regrets his wickedness (niqiim caZ-riiCiito) by asking, 'What did I do?' Each is moving in set courses, like a horse plunging into combat." The Targum, once more, avoids anthropopathism by rendering, "who draws back his divine presence from allowing evil to happen" (mtyb mymryh mPyfh bysf). ...”
Jack M. Sasson, Jonah: A New Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Interpretation (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 282.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jonah 4:2 and Jonathan Jonah 4:2

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