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Jonathan Jonah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

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Jonah and the Plant

Chapter 4

1 And Jonah was deeply displeased by this, and he became angry. 2 And he prayed before the LORD and said: “Hear my plea, LORD! Isn’t this what I said would happen while I was still in my own land? This is why I hurried to flee to the sea, since I know that You, God, are merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in doing good, and You⁠ draw back Your Word from bringing about evil. 3 And now, LORD, please take my life from me, because I would rather die than live.”

4 And the LORD said, “Are you so angry?”

5 And Jonah went out from the city and sat east of the city and built a hut there and sat under it in the shade until he could see what would⁠ finally happen to the city. 6 And the LORD God appointed a castor oil plant, and it grew up over Jonah to be shade over his head, to shelter him from his discomfort, and Jonah was very happy about the castor oil plant.

7 And the LORD appointed a worm at dawn on the next day, and it struck the castor oil plant and it wilted. 8 And when the sun rose, the LORD provided a gentle east wind, and the sun beat down on Jonah’s head, and he grew faint and asked to die, saying, “I would rather die than live.”

9 And the LORD said to Jonah, “Are you so angry about that castor oil plant?” And he said, “Yes, I’m so angry I want to die!”

10 And the LORD said, “You pitied the castor oil plant which you didn’t work for and you didn’t grow. One night it was there and the next it was gone.

11 “And shouldn’t I have mercy on Nineveh, the great city which has more than a hundred and twenty thousand people who don’t know the difference between their right hand and their left, and many animals too?”

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 4:5 and Jonathan Jonah 4:5

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, the prophet waits to see Nineveh’s fate. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he waits for its final fate, implying that he expects further sin and punishment.

Passages

Jonah 4:5

Hebrew Bible
4 The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?” 5 Jonah left the city and sat down east of it. He made a shelter for himself there and sat down under it in the shade to see what would happen to the city.6 The Lord God appointed a little plant and caused it to grow up over Jonah to be a shade over his head to rescue him from his misery. Now Jonah was very delighted about the little plant. 7 So God sent a worm at dawn the next day, and it attacked the little plant so that it dried up.
539–332 BCE Read in Jonah

Jonathan Jonah 4:5

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
4 And the LORD said, “Are you so angry?”5 And Jonah went out from the city and sat east of the city and built a hut there and sat under it in the shade until he could see what would finally happen to the city. 6 And the LORD God appointed a castor oil plant, and it grew up over Jonah to be shade over his head, to shelter him from his discomfort, and Jonah was very happy about the castor oil plant.7 And the LORD appointed a worm at dawn on the next day, and it struck the castor oil plant and it wilted.

References

“... Traditional interpretations also try to justify Jonah's activity as given in our received text. A prophet, Jonah knows that Nineveh's repentance will not last long. He therefore just awaits its inhabitants' turnabout, which is sure to come and which, just as surely, will prompt God into retaliation. This is the Targum's opinion, for it expands the last clause to read, "[Jonah sat] in order to see what finally would happen to the city" (Cd y~zy mh-yhy b~wp qrf); Levine 1978: 93; see Trible 1963: 98. And this is also the interpretation underlying some readings of Tobit 14:3-4, which I cite in the COMMENTS to section I (1:1-3). I shall come back to another line of inquiry in the COMMENTS to this section. ...”
Jack M. Sasson, Jonah: A New Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Interpretation (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 289.
“... Tz. may well reflect the tradition that the city of Nineveh was eventually destroyed because the people returned to their evil ways. ...”
Kevin J. Cathcart and Robert P. Gordon, The Targum of the Minor Prophets, ArBib 14 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1989), 109.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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