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Jonathan Jonah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

About this book

Nineveh Turns from Evil

Chapter 3

1 And this was the word of prophecy from the LORD to Jonah a second time, saying, 2 “Get up, go to Nineveh, the great city, and prophesy against it the prophecy that I command you.”

3 And Jonah got up and went to Nineveh according to the word of the LORD, and Nineveh was a great city before the LORD with a three-day walk across it. 4 And Jonah began to enter the city, a day’s walk in, and he announced and said, “At the end of forty days Nineveh will be overturned!”

5 And the people of Nineveh believed the Word of the LORD, and they decreed a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest to the smallest.

6 And the news reached the king of Nineveh, and he got up from his royal throne and took off his valuable robes and covered himself in sackcloth and sat in ashes. 7 And he called out and said in Nineveh, “By decree of the king and his officials, people and animals, cattle and sheep, must not taste anything, graze, or drink water.

8 “People and animals must be covered in sackcloth and pray earnestly before the LORD, and each person must turn from his wicked way and from the violence in their hands.

9 “Whoever knows they are guilty of sins must turn away from them.⁠ Then the LORD will have mercy on them and turn away from His fierce anger, so that we will not die.”

10 And their acts⁠ were revealed before God, that they had turned from their evil ways, and God turned away the disaster He had said He would bring on them and did not do it.

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 3:9 and Jonathan Jonah 3:9

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, the king hopes God might relent. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he tells sinners to repent, making individual repentance the means of obtaining mercy for the community.

Passages

Jonah 3:9

Hebrew Bible
7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do. 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them with and did not destroy them.
539–332 BCE Read in Jonah

Jonathan Jonah 3:9

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
7 And he called out and said in Nineveh, “By decree of the king and his officials, people and animals, cattle and sheep, must not taste anything, graze, or drink water.8 “People and animals must be covered in sackcloth and pray earnestly before the LORD, and each person must turn from his wicked way and from the violence in their hands.9 “Whoever knows they are guilty of sins must turn away from them. Then the LORD will have mercy on them and turn away from His fierce anger, so that we will not die.”10 And their acts were revealed before God, that they had turned from their evil ways, and God turned away the disaster He had said He would bring on them and did not do it.

References

“... Moreover, there is recourse to the direct statement of the underlying theology in the Jonah Targum, as is instanced in 3:9: Whoever knows that there are sins on his hands, let him repent of them and he will have compassion on us . . . The power of individual penitence is so great, it effects a change in the disposition of God toward the community. ...”
Paul V. M. Flesher and Bruce D. Chilton, The Targums: A Critical Introduction, SAIS 12 (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2011), 225–226.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jonah 3:9 and Jonathan Jonah 3:9

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