Go to Related Reading
About this book

Jonah

About this book

Jonah Goes to Nineveh

Chapter 3

1 The Lord’s message came to Jonah a second time, 2 “Go immediately to Nineveh, that large city, and proclaim to it the message that I tell you.”⁠ 3 So Jonah went immediately to Nineveh, in keeping with the Lord’s message. Now Nineveh was an enormous city—it required three days to walk through it! 4 Jonah began to enter the city by going one day’s walk, announcing, “At the end of 40 days, Nineveh will be overthrown!”⁠

Nineveh Repents

5 The people of Nineveh believed in God, and they declared a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest to the least of them.⁠

6 When the news reached the king of Nineveh, he got up from his throne, took off his royal robe, put on sackcloth, and sat on ashes. 7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do.⁠ 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”⁠

10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God⁠ relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them⁠ with and did not destroy them.⁠

Continue to Micah

Texts in conversation

Compare Jonah 3:9 and Jonathan Jonah 3:9

Hebrew Bible · Targum

Share:

Summary

In the Hebrew version of Jonah, the king hopes God might relent. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he tells sinners to repent, making individual repentance the means of obtaining mercy for the community.

Passages

Jonah 3:9

Hebrew Bible
7 He issued a proclamation and said, “In Nineveh, by the decree of the king and his nobles: No human or animal, cattle or sheep, is to taste anything; they must not eat and they must not drink water. 8 Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do. 9 Who knows? Perhaps God might be willing to change his mind and relent and turn from his fierce anger so that we might not die.”10 When God saw their actions—that they turned from their evil way of living—God relented concerning the judgment he had threatened them with and did not destroy them.
539–332 BCE Read in Jonah

Jonathan Jonah 3:9

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
7 And he called out and said in Nineveh, “By decree of the king and his officials, people and animals, cattle and sheep, must not taste anything, graze, or drink water.8 “People and animals must be covered in sackcloth and pray earnestly before the LORD, and each person must turn from his wicked way and from the violence in their hands.9 “Whoever knows they are guilty of sins must turn away from them. Then the LORD will have mercy on them and turn away from His fierce anger, so that we will not die.”10 And their acts were revealed before God, that they had turned from their evil ways, and God turned away the disaster He had said He would bring on them and did not do it.

References

“... Moreover, there is recourse to the direct statement of the underlying theology in the Jonah Targum, as is instanced in 3:9: Whoever knows that there are sins on his hands, let him repent of them and he will have compassion on us . . . The power of individual penitence is so great, it effects a change in the disposition of God toward the community. ...”
Paul V. M. Flesher and Bruce D. Chilton, The Targums: A Critical Introduction, SAIS 12 (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2011), 225–226.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Last updated

Jonah 3:9 and Jonathan Jonah 3:9

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library