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Jonathan 1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 3

1 And the boy Samuel was serving before the LORD during the life of Eli. And the word of the LORD was hidden in those days; no prophecy was revealed 2 On that day Eli was lying down in his own place. His eyes had begun to grow dim so that he could not see 3 And the lamp of the LORD’s sanctuary had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying down in the court of the Levites. And a voice was heard from the LORD’s temple, where the ark of the LORD was 4 Then the LORD called Samuel, and he said, ‘Here I am.’ 5 And he ran to Eli and said, ‘Here I am, for you called me.’ But he said, ‘I did not call; lie down again.’ So he went and lay down 6 And the LORD called again, ‘Samuel!’ And Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, ‘Here I am, for you called me.’ But he said, ‘I did not call, my son; lie down again.’ 7 Now Samuel had not yet learned to recognise instruction from before the LORD, and until then no prophetic word of the LORD had been revealed to him 8 And the LORD called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and went to Eli, and said, ‘Here I am, for you called me.’ Then Eli perceived that the boy was called from before the LORD 9 And Eli said to Samuel, ‘Go, lie down; and if He calls you, you shall say, “Speak, O LORD, for thy servant hears”.’ So Samuel went and lay down in his place 10 And the glory of the LORD was revealed and stood forth, calling as at other times, ‘Samuel! Samuel!’ And Samuel said, ‘Speak, for thy servant hears.’ 11 Then the LORD said to Samuel, ‘Here I am, doing something in Israel, at which the two ears of every one that hears it will tingle 12 On that day I will fulfil against Eli all that I have spoken concerning the people of his house. I will destroy and I will end 13 And I told him that I take revenge on the people of his house for ever, for the sins which he knew, because his sons⁠ are provoking and he did not restrain them 14 Therefore, I swore to the house of Eli that the sins of Eli’s house shall not be forgiven by holy slaughterings or offerings for ever.’ 15 And Samuel lay until morning; then he opened the doors of the sanctuary of the LORD. And Samuel was afraid to tell the prophetic vision to Eli 16 But Eli called Samuel and said, ‘Samuel, my son.’ And he said, ‘Here I am.’ 17 And he said, ‘What is the word that He spoke with you? Do not hide it from me. May the LORD do so to you and more also, if you hide anything from me of all the word that He spoke with you.’ 18 So Samuel told him all the words and hid nothing from him. And he said, ‘It is the LORD; let him do what is right before Him.’ 19 And Samuel grew, and the speech of the LORD was in his aid, and none of all his words failed 20 And all Israel, from Dan to Beersheba, knew that Samuel was reliable in the prophetic words of the LORD 21 And the LORD continued to reveal himself at Shiloh, for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel at Shiloh by the word of the LORD

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 3:13 and LXX 1 Samuel 3:13 and Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Targum

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Summary

1 Samuel 3 is part of a tradition of scribal corrections known as “tiqqune soferim,” where editors changed disrespectful language. The Masoretic text says Eli’s sons were “cursing themselves,” but the earlier Greek said they were “cursing God.”

Passages

1 Samuel 3:13

Hebrew Bible
12 On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish! 13 You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were cursing themselves, and he did not rebuke them. 14 Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 3:13

Septuagint
12 In that day I will raise up against Eli all things that I have said against his house; I will begin, and I will make an end. 13 And I have told him that I will be avenged on his house perpetually for the iniquities of his sons, because his sons spoke evil against God, and he did not admonish them, not even so. 14 I have sworn to the house of Eli, the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be atoned for with incense or sacrifices for ever.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13

Targum
12 On that day I will fulfil against Eli all that I have spoken concerning the people of his house. I will destroy and I will end 13 And I told him that I take revenge on the people of his house for ever, for the sins which he knew, because his sons are provoking and he did not restrain them 14 Therefore, I swore to the house of Eli that the sins of Eli’s house shall not be forgiven by holy slaughterings or offerings for ever.’
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan 1 Samuel

References

"... In several lists of the tiqqune sopherim, the Hebrew לָה (lah) in 1 Samuel 3:13 is regarded as a euphemistic reading of the original אֱלֹהִים (Elohim, "God"). The latter reading is also attested in the Septuagint (LXX). Scribes of the Hebrew text changed the word אֱלֹהִים (Elohim, "God") according to the teaching of Rabbi Johanan, transmitted by Rabbi Hiyya ben Abba, 'It is better that one letter be uprooted from the Torah than that the Name of names be publicly profaned' ..."
Eveline van Staalduine-Sulman, The Targum of Samuel, SAIS 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2002), 131.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 3:13 and LXX 1 Samuel 3:13 and Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13

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