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1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Now the boy Samuel continued serving the Lord under Eli’s supervision. Receiving a message from the Lord was rare in those days; revelatory visions were infrequent. 2 Eli’s eyes had begun to fail, so that he was unable to see well.⁠ At that time he was lying down in his place, 3 and the lamp of God had not yet been extinguished. Samuel was lying down in the temple of the Lord as well; the ark of God was also there. 4 The Lord called to Samuel, and he replied, “Here I am!” 5 Then he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But Eli said, “I didn’t call you. Go back and lie down.” So he went back and lay down. 6 The Lord again called, “Samuel!” So Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But Eli said, “I didn’t call you, my son. Go back and lie down.” 7 Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord; the Lord’s messages had not yet been revealed to him. 8 Then the Lord called Samuel a third time. So he got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me!” Eli then realized that it was the Lord who was calling the boy. 9 So Eli said to Samuel, “Go back and lie down. When he calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went back and lay down in his place. 10 Then the Lord came and stood nearby, calling as he had previously done, “Samuel! Samuel!” Samuel replied, “Speak, for your servant is listening!”⁠ 11 The Lord said to Samuel, “Look! I am about to do something in Israel; when anyone hears about it, both of his ears will tingle.⁠ 12 On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish! 13 You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were⁠ cursing themselves, and he did not rebuke them.⁠ 14 Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’” 15 So Samuel lay down until morning. Then he opened the doors of the Lord’s house. But Samuel was afraid to tell Eli about the vision. 16 However, Eli called Samuel and said, “Samuel, my son!”⁠ He replied, “Here I am.” 17 Eli said, “What message did he speak to you? Don’t conceal it from me. God will judge you severely if you conceal from me anything that he said to you!” 18 So Samuel told him everything. He did not hold back anything from him. Eli said, “The Lord will do what he pleases.” 19 Samuel continued to grow, and the Lord was with him. None of his prophecies fell to the ground unfulfilled. 20 All Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba realized that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the Lord. 21 Then the Lord again appeared in Shiloh, for it was in Shiloh that the Lord had revealed himself to Samuel through a message from the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 3:13 and LXX 1 Samuel 3:13 and Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Targum

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Summary

1 Samuel 3 is part of a tradition of scribal corrections known as “tiqqune soferim,” where editors changed disrespectful language. The Masoretic text says Eli’s sons were “cursing themselves,” but the earlier Greek said they were “cursing God.”

Passages

1 Samuel 3:13

Hebrew Bible
12 On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish! 13 You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were cursing themselves, and he did not rebuke them. 14 Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 3:13

Septuagint
12 In that day I will raise up against Eli all things that I have said against his house; I will begin, and I will make an end. 13 And I have told him that I will be avenged on his house perpetually for the iniquities of his sons, because his sons spoke evil against God, and he did not admonish them, not even so. 14 I have sworn to the house of Eli, the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be atoned for with incense or sacrifices for ever.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13

Targum
12 On that day I will fulfil against Eli all that I have spoken concerning the people of his house. I will destroy and I will end 13 And I told him that I take revenge on the people of his house for ever, for the sins which he knew, because his sons are provoking and he did not restrain them 14 Therefore, I swore to the house of Eli that the sins of Eli’s house shall not be forgiven by holy slaughterings or offerings for ever.’
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan 1 Samuel

References

"... In several lists of the tiqqune sopherim, the Hebrew לָה (lah) in 1 Samuel 3:13 is regarded as a euphemistic reading of the original אֱלֹהִים (Elohim, "God"). The latter reading is also attested in the Septuagint (LXX). Scribes of the Hebrew text changed the word אֱלֹהִים (Elohim, "God") according to the teaching of Rabbi Johanan, transmitted by Rabbi Hiyya ben Abba, 'It is better that one letter be uprooted from the Torah than that the Name of names be publicly profaned' ..."
Eveline van Staalduine-Sulman, The Targum of Samuel, SAIS 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2002), 131.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 3:13 and LXX 1 Samuel 3:13 and Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13

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