Chronological timeline of texts tagged with Tiqqun Soferim
About This Tag
Tiqqun Soferim ("Corrections of the Scribes") refers to a set of textual changes made by Masoretic scribes (Sopherim) to the Hebrew Bible. These corrections, traditionally numbering 18, were implemented to adjust or correct passages that were deemed disrespectful or inappropriate in their original form, modifying references to God as a form of reverence, and preventing the common person from reading or speaking something disrespectful about God.
Note: Dates shown in this timeline are approximate and based on scholarly estimates.
Back to TagGenesis 18:22 / Onkelos Genesis 18:22
750–400 BCE
Genesis 18:22
Hebrew Bible
20 So the Lord said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so blatant 21 that I must go down and see if they are as wicked as the outcry suggests. If not, I want to know.” 22 The two men turned and headed toward Sodom, but Abraham was still standing before the Lord. 23 Abraham approached and said, “Will you really sweep away the godly along with the wicked?
50–500 CE
Onkelos Genesis 18:22
Targum
20 And the Lord said, The cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is heard before Me because it is great, and their guilt is very great: 21 I will now see, and will judge, whether they do according to the report of them which has come before Me. I will deal with them thoroughly unless they repent; but if they repent, I will not punish. 22 And the men turned away from there, and went toward Sodom. And Abraham was still serving in prayer before the Lord. 23 And Abraham approached, and said, Will You, in anger, destroy the righteous with the guilty?
750–400 BCE
Numbers 11:15
Hebrew Bible
14 I am not able to bear this entire people alone, because it is too heavy for me! 15 But if you are going to deal with me like this, then kill me immediately. If I have found favor in your sight then do not let me see my trouble.” 16 The Lord said to Moses, “Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know are elders of the people and officials over them, and bring them to the tent of meeting; let them take their position there with you.
50–500 CE
Onkelos Numbers 11:15
Targum
14 I am not able to carry all this people alone, because it is too heavy for me. 15 And if You treat me this way, kill me, please, if I have found mercy before You, so that I may not see my misery. 16 And the Lord said to Moses, Gather to Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be elders of the people, and their officers, and bring them to the Tent of Meeting, and let them stand there with you;
750–400 BCE
Numbers 12:12
Hebrew Bible
10 After the cloud had departed from above the tent, there was Miriam, leprous like snow. Then Aaron turned toward Miriam, and realized that she was leprous. 11 So Aaron said to Moses, “O my lord, please do not hold this sin against us, in which we have acted foolishly and have sinned! 12 Do not let her be like a baby born dead, whose flesh is half consumed when it comes out of its mother’s womb!” 13 Then Moses cried to the Lord, “Heal her now, O God.” 14 The Lord said to Moses, “If her father had only spit in her face, would she not have been disgraced for seven days? Shut her out from the camp seven days, and afterward she can be brought back in again.”
300–201 BCE
LXX Numbers 12:12
Septuagint
10 And the cloud departed from the tabernacle; and, look, Miriam was leprous, white as snow; and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, look, she was leprous. 11 And Aaron said to Moses, Please, my lord, do not lay sin upon us, for we were ignorant of how we sinned. 12 Let her not be as it were like death, as an abortion coming out of a mother's womb, and it devours the half of her flesh. 13 And Moses cried to the Lord, saying, God, Please, heal her. 14 And the Lord said to Moses, If her father had only spit in her face, would she not be ashamed seven days? let her be set apart seven days outside the camp, and afterwards she shall come in.
600–501 BCE
1 Samuel 3:13
Hebrew Bible
12 On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish! 13 You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were cursing themselves, and he did not rebuke them. 14 Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’”
100–1 BCE
LXX 1 Samuel 3:13
Septuagint
12 In that day I will raise up against Eli all things that I have said against his house; I will begin, and I will make an end. 13 And I have told him that I will be avenged on his house perpetually for the iniquities of his sons, because his sons spoke evil against God, and he did not admonish them, not even so. 14 I have sworn to the house of Eli, the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be atoned for with incense or sacrifices for ever.
200–300 CE
Jonathan 1 Samuel 3:13
Targum
12 On that day I will fulfil against Eli all that I have spoken concerning the people of his house. I will destroy and I will end 13 And I told him that I take revenge on the people of his house for ever, for the sins which he knew, because his sons are provoking and he did not restrain them 14 Therefore, I swore to the house of Eli that the sins of Eli’s house shall not be forgiven by holy slaughterings or offerings for ever.’
600–501 BCE
1 Samuel 3:13
Hebrew Bible
12 On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish! 13 You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were cursing themselves, and he did not rebuke them. 14 Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’”
100–1 BCE
LXX 1 Samuel 3:13
Septuagint
12 In that day I will raise up against Eli all things that I have said against his house; I will begin, and I will make an end. 13 And I have told him that I will be avenged on his house perpetually for the iniquities of his sons, because his sons spoke evil against God, and he did not admonish them, not even so. 14 I have sworn to the house of Eli, the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be atoned for with incense or sacrifices for ever.
600–501 BCE
2 Samuel 16:12
Hebrew Bible
11 Then David said to Abishai and to all his servants, “My own son, my very own flesh and blood, is trying to take my life. So also now this Benjaminite! Leave him alone so that he can curse, for the Lord has spoken to him. 12 Perhaps the Lord will notice my affliction and this day grant me good in place of his curse.” 13 So David and his men went on their way. But Shimei kept going along the side of the hill opposite him, yelling curses as he threw stones and dirt at them.
200–300 CE
Jonathan 2 Samuel 16:12
Targum
11 And David said to Abishai and to all his servants, “Behold, my own son whom I begot seeks to kill me; how much more now this son of the tribe of Benjamin. Leave him alone, and let him curse, for the Lord has said him so. 12 It may be that the tear of my eye will be revealed before the Lord, and that the Lord will repay me with good for his cursing this day.” 13 So David and his men went on the road, while Shimei went along on the hillside parallel with him, cursing as he went, and threw stones at him and flung dust.
600–501 BCE
1 Kings 12:16
Hebrew Bible
15 The king refused to listen to the people, because the Lord was instigating this turn of events so that he might bring to pass the prophetic announcement he had made through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat. 16 When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, the people answered the king, “We have no portion in David, no share in the son of Jesse! Return to your tents28, O Israel! Now, look after your own dynasty, O David!” So Israel returned to their homes. 17 (Rehoboam continued to rule over the Israelites who lived in the cities of Judah.)
200–300 CE
Jonathan 1 Kings 12:16
Targum
15 And the king did not accept from the people, for there was division from before the Lord in order to fulfill his word that the Lord spoke by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite about Jeroboam the son of Nebat. 16 And all Israel saw that the king did not accept them, and the people answered the king a word, saying: What portion is there for us in David? And there is no inheritance in the son of Jesse. Each man to your cities, O Israel. Now rule over the men of your house, O David. And Israel went to its cities. 17 And the sons of Israel who were dwelling in the cities of the house of Judah, Rehoboam ruled over them.
600–501 BCE
Ezekiel 8:17
Hebrew Bible
16 Then he brought me to the inner court of the Lord’s house. Right there at the entrance to the Lord’s temple, between the porch and the altar, were about 25 men with their backs to the Lord’s temple, facing east—they were worshiping the sun toward the east! 17 He said to me, “Do you see, son of man? Is it a trivial thing that the house of Judah commits these abominations they are practicing here? For they have filled the land with violence and provoked me to anger still further. Look, they are putting the branch to their nose! 18 Therefore I will act with fury! My eye will not pity them nor will I spare them. When they have shouted in my ears, I will not listen to them.”
100–1 BCE
LXX Ezekiel 8:17
Septuagint
16 And he brought me into the inner court of the house of the Lord, and at the entrance of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, were about twenty men, with their back parts toward the temple of the Lord, and their faces turned the opposite way; and these were worshiping the sun. 17 And he said to me, Son of man, you have seen this. Is it a little thing to the house of Judah to practice the iniquities which they have practiced here? for they have filled the land with iniquity: and, look, these are as scorners. 18 Therefore I will deal with them in fierce anger: my eye shall not spare, nor will I have any mercy.
600–501 BCE
Hosea 4:7
Hebrew Bible
6 You have destroyed my people by failing to acknowledge me! Because you refuse to acknowledge me, I will reject you as my priests. Because you reject the law of your God, I will reject your descendants. 7 The more the priests increased in numbers, the more they rebelled against me. They have turned their glorious calling into a shameful disgrace! 8 They feed on the sin offerings of my people; their appetites long for their iniquity!
100–1 BCE
LXX Hosea 4:7
Septuagint
6 My people are like as if they had no knowledge: because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you, that you shall not minister as priest to me: and as you have forgotten the law of your God, I also will forget your children. 7 According to their multitude, so they sinned against me: I will turn their glory into shame. 8 They will devour the sins of my people, and will set their hearts on their iniquities.
600–501 BCE
Habakkuk 1:12
Hebrew Bible
11 They sweep by like the wind and pass on. But the one who considers himself a god will be held guilty.” 12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35. Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?
100–1 BCE
LXX Habakkuk 1:12
Septuagint
11 Then he will change his spirit, and he shall pass through, and make an atonement, saying, This strength belongs to my god. 12 Are you not from the beginning, Lord God, my Holy One? and surely we shall not die. Lord, you have established him for judgment, and he has formed me to discipline with his correction. 13 His eye is too pure to look at evil deeds, and to look upon severe afflictions: why do you look upon despisers? will you be silent when the ungodly swallows up the just?
600–201 BCE
Psalm 106:20
Hebrew Bible
18 Fire burned their group; the flames scorched the wicked. 19 They made an image of a calf at Horeb and worshiped a metal idol. 20 They traded their majestic God for the image of an ox that eats grass. 21 They rejected the God who delivered them, the one who performed great deeds in Egypt, 22 amazing feats in the land of Ham, mighty acts by the Red Sea.
100–1 BCE
LXX Psalm 105:20
Septuagint
18 And a fire was kindled in their congregation, and a flame burnt up the sinners. 19 And they made a calf in Horeb, and worshiped the carved image, 20 and they changed their glory into the likeness of a calf that feeds on grass. 21 They forgot God that saved them, who had done great deeds in Egypt; 22 wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things at the Red Sea.
500–401 BCE
Jeremiah 2:11
Hebrew Bible
10 Go west across the sea to the coasts of Cyprus and see. Send someone east to Kedar and have them look carefully. See if such a thing as this has ever happened: 11 Has a nation ever changed its gods (even though they are not really gods at all)? But my people have exchanged me, their glorious God, for a god that cannot help them at all! 12 Be amazed at this, O heavens. Be shocked and utterly dumbfounded,” says the Lord.
100–1 BCE
LXX Jeremiah 2:11
Septuagint
10 For go to the isles of the Kittim, and see; and send to Kedar, and observe accurately, and see if such things have been done; 11 if the nations will change their gods, though they are not gods: but my people have changed their glory, for that from which they shall not be profited. 12 The heaven is amazed at this, and is very exceedingly horror-struck, says the Lord.
500–401 BCE
Zechariah 2:8
Hebrew Bible
7 “Escape, Zion, you who live among the Babylonians!” 8 For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “For his own glory he has sent me to the nations that plundered you—for anyone who touches you touches the pupil of his eye. 9 Yes, look here, I am about to punish them so that they will be looted by their own slaves.” Then you will know that the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has sent me.
100–1 BCE
LXX Zechariah 2:12
Septuagint
11 even to Zion: deliver yourselves, you that dwell with the daughter of Babylon. 12 For thus says the Lord Almighty; After the glory he has sent me to the nations that plundered you: for he that touches you is as one that touches the apple of [my] eye. 13 For, look, I bring my hand upon them, and they shall be plunder to those who serve them: and you shall know that the Lord Almighty has sent me.
500–401 BCE
Malachi 1:13
Hebrew Bible
12 “But you are profaning it by saying that the table of the Lord is common and its offerings despicable. 13 You also say, ‘How tiresome it is.’ You turn up your nose at it,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and instead bring what is stolen, lame, or sick. You bring these things for an offering! Should I accept this from you?” asks the Lord. 14 “There will be harsh condemnation for the hypocrite who has a valuable male animal in his flock but vows and sacrifices something inferior to the Lord. For I am a great king,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and my name is awesome among the nations.”
100–1 BCE
LXX Malachi 1:13
Septuagint
12 But you profane it, in that you say, The table of the Lord is polluted, and his food set on it is despised. 13 And you said, These services are troublesome: and I have blown them away, says the Lord Almighty: and you brought in torn victims, and lame, and sick: if then you should bring an offering, shall I accept them at your hands? says the Lord Almighty. 14 And cursed is the man who had the power, and possessed a male in his flock, and whose vow is upon him, and who sacrifices a corrupt thing to the Lord: for I am a great King, says the Lord Almighty, and my name is glorious among the nations.
500–401 BCE
Job 7:20
Hebrew Bible
19 Will you never look away from me, will you not let me alone long enough to swallow my spittle? 20 If I have sinned—what have I done to you, O watcher of men? Why have you set me as your target? Have I become a burden to myself72? 21 And why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? For now I will lie down in the dust, and you will seek me diligently, but I will be gone.”
100–1 BCE
LXX Job 7:20
Septuagint
19 How long do you not let me alone, nor let me go, until I shall swallow down my spittle in pain? 20 If I have sinned, what shall I be able to do to you, you that understand the mind of men? why have you made me as your accuser, and why am I a burden to you? 21 Why have you not forgotten my iniquity, and purged my sin? but now I shall depart to the earth; and in the morning I am no more.
500–401 BCE
Job 32:3
Hebrew Bible
1 So these three men refused to answer Job further, because he was righteous in his own eyes. 2 Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry. He was angry with Job for justifying himself rather than God. 3 With Job’s three friends he was also angry because they could not find an answer, and so declared Job guilty.
100–1 BCE
LXX Job 32:3
Septuagint
1 And his three friends also ceased any longer to answer Job: for Job was righteous before them. 2 Then Elihu the son of Barachel, the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram, of the country of Uz, was angered: and he was very angry with Job, because he justified himself before the Lord. 3 And he was also very angry with his three friends, because they were not able to return answers to Job, yet set him down for an ungodly man.