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In Leviticus 24, the duty of watching the lamps is assigned only to Aaron, the high priest. The Greek Septuagint translation expands this task to include Aaron and his sons, likely to harmonize this account with a similar passage in Exodus.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Leviticus 24:3
Hebrew Bible
2 “Command the Israelites to bring to you pure oil of beaten olives for the light, to make a lamp burn continually. 3 Outside the special curtain of the congregation in the Meeting Tent, Aaron must arrange it from evening until morning before the Lord continually. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations. 4 On the ceremonially pure lampstand he must arrange the lamps before the Lord continually.
Date: 750–400 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
LXX Leviticus 24:3
Septuagint
2 Charge the children of Israel, and let them take for me pure olive oil beaten for the light, to burn a lamp continually, 3 outside the veil in the tabernacle of witness; and Aaron and his sons shall burn it from evening until morning before the Lord continually, a perpetual statute throughout your generations. 4 You shall burn the lamps on the pure lamp-stand before the Lord till morning.
Date: 300–201 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Apart from the errors that occurred during the transmission history of the text of Leviticus, literary considerations may explain some textual discrepancies. Indeed, there are cases in Leviticus where different readings allow different interpretations, so that one cannot easily assert that they are mistaken readings. Such interpretations can be observed for instance in Leviticus 9 and 24. It seems that the tasks of the high priest and those of the ordinary priests have been adjusted in some witnesses ... A reversed case occurs in Leviticus 24:3-4. Here the Masoretic text asserts that Aaron (the high priest) alone is in charge of preparing and kindling the lamps of the Menorah. However, according to the Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint, this task is attributed to “Aaron and his sons,” which means all of the priests. It is possible that their reading resulted from harmonization with Exodus 27:20-21, where “Aaron and his sons” is read in all the witnesses ... Interestingly, 11QTa IX,13-14 asserts that the lamps are arranged by the priests, sons of Aaron, while Aaron himself is not mentioned for this task. Thus, there is like a literary evolution and discussion dealing with who is in charge of the lamps of the Menorah ..."
Innocent Himbaza, “Where Does the Text of Leviticus Stand?” in The Text of Leviticus: Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium of the Dominique Barthélemy Institute, ed. Innocent Himbaza (Leuven: Peeters, 2020), 1–12.
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