Texts in Conversation

Psalm 40 says God “opened” the psalmist’s ears, an idiom for giving understanding and obedience. The Greek Septuagint translation instead says God “prepared a body,” language Hebrews later applies to Jesus, showing its use of the Greek text.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Psalm 40:7

Hebrew Bible
6 Receiving sacrifices and offerings are not your primary concern. Ears you hollowed out for me.18 You do not ask for burnt sacrifices and sin offerings. 7 Then I say, “Look, I come! What is written in the scroll pertains to me. 8 I want to do what pleases you, my God. Your law dominates my thoughts.”
Date: 600–201 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)

LXX Psalm 39:7

Septuagint
6 Lord my God, you have multiplied your wonderful works, and in your thoughts there is none who shall be likened to you: I declared and spoke of them: they exceeded number. 7 Sacrifice and offering you would not; but [a body] you have prepared me: whole burnt offering and sacrifice for sin you did not require. 8 Then I said, Look, I come: in the volume of the book it is written concerning me,
Date: 100–1 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)

Hebrews 10:5

New Testament
5 So when he came into the world, he said, “Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me. 6 Whole burnt offerings and sin-offerings you took no delight in. 7 Then I said, ‘Here I am: I have come—it is written of me in the scroll of the book—to do your will, O God.’”
Date: 80–90 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#4024
"... The interface between textual and exegetical issues is nowhere more evident than in the Epistle to the Hebrews. Of particular interest is 10:5-7, in which the author quotes Psalm 40:6-8 (LXX 39:7-9). As is well known, the quotation differs from the Hebrew in one important respect. In the Masoretic Text, the second clause of verse 7 reads ('ears you have dug for me'), usually interpreted to mean, 'you have opened my ears,' that is, 'you have properly instructed me' (in contrast to the first clause: 'Sacrifice and offering you did not desire'). In Hebrews 10:6, however, we read ('but you prepared a body for me'), which is the reading found in virtually the whole LXX tradition ... Since throughout the Epistle to the Hebrews the author depends on the LXX and appears not to have made use of the Hebrew text, it would follow that he seized on the Septuagint's defensible paraphrase to present a messianic Interpretation of the Psalm ... In the light of these considerations, we have good reason to believe that the author of Hebrews had before him a Greek text of Psalms with the reading and that therefore he is the one responsible for changing this word ..."
Karen H. Jobes and Moisés Silva, Invitation to the Septuagint (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2000), 195–197.

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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