Chronological timeline of texts tagged with Septuagint Difficulties
About This Tag
The Septuagint, the most notable Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, often faced challenges and struggled inconsistencies with its translation. Since Hebrew and Greek are very different languages, these translators sometimes struggled to capture the correct or primary meaning of their source text. This led to variations in wording, ambiguous or missing phrases, and sometimes differences in theology.
Note: Dates shown in this timeline are approximate and based on scholarly estimates.
Back to TagGenesis 3:5 / LXX Genesis 3:5
750–400 BCE
Genesis 3:5
Hebrew Bible
2 The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat of the fruit from the trees of the orchard; 3 but concerning the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the orchard God said, ‘You must not eat from it, and you must not touch it, or else you will die.’” 4 The serpent said to the woman, “Surely you will not die, 5 for God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will open and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” 6 When the woman saw that the tree produced fruit that was good for food, was attractive to the eye, and was desirable for making one wise, she took some of its fruit and ate it. She also gave some of it to her husband who was with her, and he ate it.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 3:5
Septuagint
2 And the woman said to the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden, 3 but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God said, You shall not eat of it, neither shall you touch it, for fear that you might die. 4 And the serpent said to the woman, You shall not surely die. 5 For God knew that in whatever day you should eat of it your eyes would be opened, and you would be as gods, knowing good and evil. 6 And the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes to look upon and beautiful to contemplate, and having taken of its fruit she ate, and she gave to her husband also with her, and they ate.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 3:15
Hebrew Bible
14 The Lord God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this, cursed are you above all the cattle and all the living creatures of the field! On your belly you will crawl and dust you will eat all the days of your life. 15 And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; he will strike your head, and you will strike his heel.” 16 To the woman he said, “I will greatly increase your labor pains; with pain you will give birth to children. You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.”
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 3:15
Septuagint
14 And the Lord God said to the serpent, Because you have done this you are cursed above all cattle and all the brutes of the earth, on your breast and belly you shall go, and you shall eat earth all the days of your life. 15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed, he shall watch against your head, and you shall watch against his heel. 16 And to the woman he said, I will greatly multiply your pains and your groanings; in pain you shall bring forth children, and your return shall be to your husband, and he shall rule over you.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 3:16
Hebrew Bible
15 And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; he will strike your head, and you will strike his heel.” 16 To the woman he said, “I will greatly increase your labor pains; with pain you will give birth to children. You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.” 17 But to Adam he said, “Because you obeyed the voice of52 your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ the ground is cursed because of you; in painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 3:16
Septuagint
15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed, he shall watch against your head, and you shall watch against his heel. 16 And to the woman he said, I will greatly multiply your pains and your groanings; in pain you shall bring forth children, and your return shall be to your husband, and he shall rule over you. 17 And to Adam he said, Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and eaten of the tree concerning which I charged you of it only not to eat, cursed is the ground in your labors, in pain shall you eat of it all the days of your life.
170–125 BCE
Jubilees 3:24
Pseudepigrapha
23 And God cursed the serpent, and was angry with it forever. And He was angry with the woman, because she listened to the voice of the serpent, and ate; 24 and He said to her: 'I will greatly multiply your sorrow and your pains: in sorrow you shall give birth to children, and your return shall be to your husband, and he will rule over you.' 25 And to Adam also he said, 'Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten of the tree of which I commanded you that you should not eat of it, the ground is cursed because of you: thorns and thistles it shall produce for you, and you shall eat your bread by the sweat of your face, until you return to the earth from where you were taken; for you are earth, and you shall return to earth.'
750–400 BCE
Genesis 3:23
Hebrew Bible
22 And the Lord God said, “Now that the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil, he must not be allowed to stretch out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever.” 23 So the Lord God expelled him from the orchard in Eden to cultivate the ground from which he had been taken. 24 When he drove the man out, he placed on the eastern side of the orchard in Eden angelic sentries who used the flame of a whirling sword to guard the way to the tree of life.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 3:23
Septuagint
22 And God said, Look, Adam has become as one of us, to know good and evil, and now for fear that at any time he stretch forth his hand, and take of the tree of life and eat, and so he shall live forever... 23 So the Lord God sent him forth out of the garden of Delight to cultivate the ground out of which he was taken. 24 And he cast out Adam and caused him to dwell over against the garden of Delight, and stationed the cherubs and the fiery sword that turns about to keep the way of the tree of life.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 7:4
Hebrew Bible
2 You must take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, the male and its mate, two of every kind of unclean animal, the male and its mate, 3 and also seven pairs of every kind of bird in the sky, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of the entire earth. 4 For in seven days I will cause it to rain on the earth for 40 days and 40 nights, and I will wipe from the face of the ground every living thing that I have made.” 5 And Noah did all that the Lord commanded him. 6 Noah was 600 years old when the floodwaters engulfed the earth.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 7:4
Septuagint
2 And of the clean cattle take in to you sevens, male and female, and of the unclean cattle pairs male and female. 3 And of clean flying creatures of the sky sevens, male and female, and of unclean flying creatures pairs, male and female, to maintain seed on all the earth. 4 For yet seven days having passed I bring rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights, and I will blot out every thing that rises up, which I have made, from the face of the earth. 5 And Noah did all things whatever the Lord God commanded him. 6 And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of water was upon the earth.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 11:10
Hebrew Bible
8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world, and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth. 10 This is the account of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arphaxad, two years after the flood. 11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters. 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 11:10
Septuagint
8 And the Lord scattered them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city and the tower. 9 On this account its name was called Confusion, because there the Lord confounded the languages of all the earth, and from there the Lord God scattered them upon the face of all the earth. 10 And these are the generations of Shem: and Shem was a son of one hundred years when he fathered Arphaxad, the second year after the flood. 11 And Shem lived, after he had fathered Arphaxad, five hundred years, and fathered sons and daughters, and died. 12 And Arphaxad lived one hundred and thirty-five years, and fathered Cainan.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 14:15
Hebrew Bible
14 When Abram heard that his nephew had been taken captive, he mobilized his 318 trained men who had been born in his household, and he pursued the invaders as far as Dan. 15 Then, during the night, Abram divided his forces against them and defeated them. He chased them as far as Hobah, which is north of Damascus. 16 He retrieved all the stolen property. He also brought back his nephew Lot and his possessions, as well as the women and the rest of the people. 17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram in the Valley of Shaveh (known as the King’s Valley).
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 14:15
Septuagint
14 And Abram having heard that Lot his nephew had been taken captive, numbered his own home-born servants three hundred and eighteen, and pursued after them to Dan. 15 And he came upon them by night, he and his servants, and he struck them and pursued them as far as Hobah, which is on the left of Damascus. 16 And he recovered all the cavalry of Sodom, and he recovered Lot his nephew, and all his possessions, and the women and the people. 17 And the king of Sodom went out to meet him, after he returned from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and the kings with him, to the valley of Save; this was the plain of the king.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 21:6
Hebrew Bible
4 When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him just as God had commanded him to do. 5 (Now Abraham was one hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him.) 6 Sarah said, “God has made me laugh. Everyone who hears about this will laugh with me.” 7 She went on to say, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have given birth to a son for him in his old age!”
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 21:6
Septuagint
4 And Abraham circumcised Isaac on the eighth day, as God commanded him. 5 And Abraham was one hundred years old when Isaac his son was born to him. 6 And Sarah said, The Lord has made laughter for me, for whoever shall hear shall rejoice with me. 7 And she said, Who shall say to Abraham that Sarah suckles a child? for I have borne a son in my old age.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 29:26
Hebrew Bible
25 In the morning Jacob discovered it was Leah! So Jacob said to Laban, “What in the world have you done to me? Didn’t I work for you in exchange for Rachel? Why have you tricked me?” 26 “It is not our custom here,” Laban replied, “to give the younger daughter in marriage before the firstborn. 27 Complete my older daughter’s bridal week. Then we will give you the younger one too, in exchange for seven more years of work.”
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 29:26
Septuagint
25 And it was morning, and look, it was Leah; and Jacob said to Laban, What is this that you have done to me? did I not serve you for Rachel? and why have you deceived me? 26 And Laban answered, It is not done thus in our country, to give the younger before the elder. 27 Fulfill then her sevens, and I will give to you her also in return for your labor, which you labor with me, yet seven other years.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 32:28
Hebrew Bible
26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” “I will not let you go,” Jacob replied, “unless you bless me.” 27 The man asked him, “What is your name?” He answered, “Jacob.” 28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, “but Israel, because you have fought with God and with men and have prevailed.” 29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” “Why do you ask my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 32:29
Septuagint
27 And he said to him, Let me go, for the day has dawned; but he said, I will not let you go, except you bless me. 28 And he said to him, What is your name? and he answered, Jacob. 29 And he said to him, Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel shall be your name; for you have shown strength with God, and are mighty with men. 30 And Jacob asked and said, Tell me your name; and he said, Why do you ask after my name? and he blessed him there.
50 BCE – 50 CE
Wisdom of Solomon 10:12
Deuterocanon
11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one. 13 When a righteous man was sold, wisdom didn’t forsake him, but she delivered him from sin. She went down with him into a dungeon,
750–400 BCE
Genesis 49:5
Hebrew Bible
4 You are destructive like water and will not excel, for you got on your father’s bed, then you defiled it—he got on my couch! 5 Simeon and Levi are brothers, weapons of violence are their knives! 6 O my soul, do not come into their council, do not be united to their assembly, my heart, for in their anger they have killed men, and for pleasure they have hamstrung oxen.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 49:5
Septuagint
4 You were insolent like water, do not burst forth with violence, for you went up to the bed of your father; then you defiled the couch on which you went up. 5 Simeon and Levi, brothers, put an end to injustice of their own choice. 6 Let not my soul come into their counsel, and let not my inward parts contend in their conspiracy, for in their fierce anger they killed men, and in their passion they hamstrung a bull.
750–400 BCE
Genesis 49:10
Hebrew Bible
9 You are a lion’s cub, Judah, from the prey, my son, you have gone up. He crouches and lies down like a lion; like a lioness—who will rouse him? 10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs; the nations will obey him. 11 Binding his foal to the vine, and his colt to the choicest vine, he will wash his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.
300–201 BCE
LXX Genesis 49:10
Septuagint
9 Judah is a lion's cub: from the tender plant, my son, you have gone up, having couched you lie as a lion, and as a cub; who shall stir him up? 10 A ruler shall not fail from Judah, nor a prince from his own body, until there come the things stored up for him; and he is the expectation of nations. 11 Binding his foal to the vine, and the foal of his donkey to the branch of it, he shall wash his robe in wine, and his garment in the blood of the grape.
750–400 BCE
Exodus 21:6
Hebrew Bible
5 But if the servant should declare, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ 6 then his master must bring him to the gods13, and he will bring him to the door or the doorpost, and his master will pierce his ear with an awl, and he shall serve him forever. 7 “If a man sells his daughter as a female servant, she will not go out as the male servants do.
300–201 BCE
LXX Exodus 21:6
Septuagint
5 And if the servant should answer and say, I love my master and wife and children, I will not go away free; 6 his master shall bring him to the judgment-seat of God, and then he will bring him to the door, to the door-post, and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall serve him for ever. 7 And if any one sells his daughter as a domestic, she shall not depart as the maidservants depart.
750–400 BCE
Leviticus 11:17
Hebrew Bible
13 “‘These you are to detest from among the birds—they must not be eaten, because they are detestable: the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, 14 the kite, the buzzard of any kind, 15 every kind of crow, 16 the eagle owl, the short-eared owl, the long-eared owl, the hawk of any kind, 17 the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl, 18 the white owl, the scops owl, the osprey, 19 the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.
300–201 BCE
LXX Leviticus 11:17
Septuagint
13 And these are the things which you shall abhor of birds, and they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle and the ossifrage, and the sea-eagle. 14 And the vulture, and the kite, and the like to it; 15 [and the raven, and the birds like it,] 16 and the sparrow, and the owl, and the gull, and the like to it, and the hawk and his like, 17 and the night-raven and the cormorant and the ibis, 18 and the red-bill, and the pelican, and swan, 19 and the owl, and the heron, and the lapwing, and the like to it, and the hoopoe and the bat.
750–400 BCE
Leviticus 11:19
Hebrew Bible
17 the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl, 18 the white owl, the scops owl, the osprey, 19 the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat. 20 “‘Every winged swarming thing that walks on all fours is detestable to you. 21 However, this you may eat from all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours, which have jointed legs to hop with on the land.
300–201 BCE
LXX Leviticus 11:19
Septuagint
17 and the night-raven and the cormorant and the ibis, 18 and the red-bill, and the pelican, and swan, 19 and the owl, and the heron, and the lapwing, and the like to it, and the hoopoe and the bat. 20 And all winged creatures that creep, which go upon four feet, are abominations to you. 21 But these you shall eat of the creeping winged animals, which go upon four feet, which have legs above their feet, to leap with on the earth.
750–400 BCE
Numbers 21:30
Hebrew Bible
28 For fire went out from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon. It has consumed Ar of Moab and the lords of the high places of Arnon. 29 Woe to you, Moab. You are ruined, O people of Chemosh! He has made his sons fugitives, and his daughters the prisoners of King Sihon of the Amorites. 30 We have overpowered them; Heshbon has perished as far as Dibon. We have shattered them as far as Nophah, which reaches to Medeba.” 31 So the Israelites lived in the land of the Amorites.
300–201 BCE
LXX Numbers 21:30
Septuagint
28 For a fire has gone forth from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon, and has consumed as far as Moab, and devoured the pillars of Arnon. 29 Woe to you, Moab; you are lost, you people of Chemosh: their sons are sold for preservation, and their daughters are captives to Sihon king of the Amorites. 30 And their seed shall perish from Heshbon to Dibon; and their women have yet farther kindled a fire against Moab. 31 And Israel lived in all the cities of the Amorites.
750–400 BCE
Deuteronomy 26:12
Hebrew Bible
11 You will celebrate all the good things that the Lord your God has given you and your family, along with the Levites and the resident foreigners among you. 12 When you finish tithing all your income in the third year (the year of tithing), you must give it to the Levites, the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows so that they may eat to their satisfaction in your villages. 13 Then you shall say before the Lord your God, “I have removed the sacred offering from my house and given it to the Levites, the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows just as you have commanded me. I have not violated or forgotten your commandments.
300–201 BCE
LXX Deuteronomy 26:12
Septuagint
11 and you shall rejoice in all the good things, which the Lord your God has given you, you and your family, and the Levite, and the stranger that is within you. 12 And when you shall have completed all the tithings of your fruits in the third year, you shall give the second tenth to the Levite, and stranger, and fatherless, and widow; and they shall eat it in your cities, and be filled. 13 And you shall say before the Lord your God, I have fully collected the holy things out of my house, and I have given them to the Levite, and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow, according to all commands which you commanded me: I did not transgress your command, and I did not forget it.
750–400 BCE
Deuteronomy 33:2
Hebrew Bible
1 This is the blessing Moses the man of God pronounced upon the Israelites before his death. 2 He said: “The Lord came from Sinai and revealed himself to Israel from Seir. He appeared in splendor from Mount Paran, and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. With his right hand he gave a fiery law to them. 3 Surely he loves the people; all your holy ones are in your hand8. And they sit at your feet, each receiving your words. 4 Moses delivered to us a law, an inheritance for the assembly of Jacob.
300–201 BCE
LXX Deuteronomy 33:2
Septuagint
1 And this is the blessing with which Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death. 2 And he said, The Lord has come from Sinai, and has appeared from Seir to us, and has hastened out of the mount of Paran, with the ten thousands of Kadesh; on his right hand were his angels with him. 3 And he spared his people, and all his sanctified ones are under your hands; and they are under you; and he received of his words 4 the law which Moses charged us, an inheritance to the assemblies of Jacob.
740–450 BCE
Isaiah 8:8
Hebrew Bible
7 So look, the Lord is bringing up against them the turbulent and mighty waters of the Euphrates River—the king of Assyria and all his majestic power. It will reach flood stage and overflow its banks. 8 It will spill into Judah, flooding and engulfing, as it reaches to the necks of its victims. He will spread his wings out over your entire land, O Immanuel.” 9 You will be broken, O nations; you will be shattered! Pay attention, all you distant lands of the earth. Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered! Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered! 10 Devise your strategy, but it will be thwarted. Issue your orders, but they will not be executed! For God is with us!
100–1 BCE
LXX Isaiah 8:8
Septuagint
7 therefore, look, the Lord brings up upon you the water of the river, strong and abundant, even the king of the Assyrians, and his glory: and he shall come up over every valley of yours, and shall walk over every wall of yours: 8 and he shall take away from Judah every man who shall be able to lift up his head, and every one able to accomplish anything; and his camp shall fill the breadth of your land, God with us. 9 Know, you Gentiles, and be conquered; listen, even to the extremity of the earth: be conquered, after you strengthened yourselves; for even if you should again strengthen yourselves, you shall again be conquered. 10 And whatever counsel you shall take, the Lord shall bring it to nothing; and whatever word you shall speak, it shall not stand among you: for the Lord God is with us.
740–450 BCE
Isaiah 16:3
Hebrew Bible
1 Send rams as tribute to the ruler of the land, from Sela in the wilderness to the hill of Daughter Zion. 2 At the fords of the Arnon the Moabite women are like a bird that flies about when forced from its nest. 3 “Bring a plan, make a decision. Provide some shade in the middle of the day. Hide the fugitives! Do not betray the one who tries to escape. 4 Please let the Moabite fugitives live among you. Hide them from the destroyer!” Certainly the one who applies pressure will cease; the destroyer will come to an end; those who trample will disappear from the earth. 5 Then a trustworthy king will be established; he will rule in a reliable manner, this one from David’s family. He will be sure to make just decisions and will be experienced in executing justice.
100–1 BCE
LXX Isaiah 16:3
Septuagint
1 I will send as it were reptiles on the land: is not the mount of Zion a desolate rock? 2 For you shall be as a young bird taken away from a bird that has flown, daughter of Moab: and then, Arnon, 3 take further counsel, and continually make a shelter from grief: they flee in darkness at mid-day; they are amazed; do not be led captive. 4 The fugitives of Moab shall stay with you; they shall be to you a shelter from the face of the pursuer: for your alliance has been taken away, and the oppressing ruler has perished from the earth. 5 And a throne shall be restored with mercy; and one shall sit upon it with truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and earnestly seeking judgments, and hastening righteousness.
740–450 BCE
Isaiah 19:18
Hebrew Bible
18 At that time five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. One will be called the City of the Sun. 19 At that time there will be an altar for the Lord in the middle of the land of Egypt, as well as a sacred pillar dedicated to the Lord at its border. 20 It will become a visual reminder in the land of Egypt of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. When they cry out to the Lord because of oppressors, he will send them a deliverer and defender who will rescue them.
100–1 BCE
LXX Isaiah 19:18
Septuagint
18 In that day there shall be five cities in Egypt speaking the language of Canaan, and swearing by the name of the Lord; one city shall be called the city of Asedec. 19 In that day there shall be an altar to the Lord in the land of the Egyptians, and a pillar to the Lord by its border. 20 And it shall be for a sign to the Lord for ever in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry to the Lord by reason of those who afflict them, and the Lord shall send them a man who shall save them; he shall judge and save them.
600–501 BCE
Judges 4:11
Hebrew Bible
10 Barak summoned men from Zebulun and Naphtali to Kedesh, and 10,000 men followed him; Deborah went up with him as well. 11 Now Heber the Kenite had moved away from the Kenites, the descendants of Hobab, Moses’ father-in-law. He lived near the great tree in Zaanannim near Kedesh. 12 When Sisera heard that Barak son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor,
200–101 BCE
LXX Judges 4:11
Septuagint
10 And Barak called Zebulun and Naphtali out of Kedesh, and there went up at his feet ten thousand men, and Deborah went up with him. 11 And Heber the Kenite had removed from Caina, from the sons of Jobab the father-in-law of Moses, and pitched his tent by the oak of the covetous ones, which is near Kedesh. 12 And it was told Sisera that Barak the son of Abinoam was gone up to mount Tabor.
600–501 BCE
Judges 5:8
Hebrew Bible
6 “In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads. 7 Warriors were scarce; they were scarce in Israel, until you arose, Deborah, until you arose as a motherly protector in Israel. 8 God chose new leaders, then fighters appeared in the city gates; but, I swear, not a shield or spear could be found among 40 military units in Israel. 9 My heart went out to Israel’s leaders, to the people who answered the call to war. Praise the Lord! 10 “You who ride on light-colored female donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, you who walk on the road, pay attention!
200–101 BCE
LXX Judges 5:8
Septuagint
6 In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael, they deserted the ways, and went in by-ways; they went in crooked paths. 7 The mighty men in Israel failed, they failed until Deborah arose, until she arose a mother in Israel. 8 They chose new gods; then the cities of rulers fought; there was not a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel. 9 My heart inclines to the orders given in Israel; you that are willing among the people, bless the Lord. 10 You that mount a female donkey at noon-day, you that sit on the judgment-seat, and walk by the roads of those who sit in judgment by the way;
600–501 BCE
Judges 5:21
Hebrew Bible
20 From the sky the stars fought, from their paths in the heavens they fought against Sisera. 21 The onrushing torrent* carried them off; the river confronted them—the Kishon River. Step on the necks of the strong! 22 “The horses’ hooves pounded the ground; the stallions galloped madly. 23 ‘Call judgment down on Meroz,’ says the angel of the Lord; ‘Be sure to call judgment down on those who live there, because they did not come to help in the Lord’s battle, to help in the Lord’s battle against the warriors.’
200–101 BCE
LXX Judges 5:21
Septuagint
20 The stars from heaven set themselves in array, they set themselves to fight with Sisera out of their paths. 21 The brook of Kishon swept them away, the brook of the ancients, the brook Kishon: my mighty soul will trample him down. 22 When the hoofs of the horse were entangled, his mighty ones earnestly hastened 23 to curse Meroz: Curse it, said the angel of the Lord; cursed is every one that dwells in it, because they did not come to the help of the Lord, to his help among the mighty.
600–501 BCE
1 Samuel 1:24
Hebrew Bible
22 But Hannah did not go up with them, because she had told her husband, “Not until the boy is weaned. Then I will bring him so that he may appear before the Lord. And he will remain there from then on.” 23 Then her husband Elkanah said to her, “Do what is right in your eyes55. Stay until you have weaned him. Only may the Lord fulfill his promise.” So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him. 24 Then she took him up with her as soon as she had weaned him, along with three bulls, an ephah of flour, and a container of wine. She came to the Lord’s house at Shiloh, and the boy was with them. 25 They slaughtered the bull, then brought the boy to Eli.
100–1 BCE
LXX 1 Samuel 1:24
Septuagint
22 But Hannah did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, I will not go up until the child goes up, when I have weaned him, and he shall be presented before the Lord, and he shall stay there continually. 23 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Do that which is good in your eyes, stay until you have weaned him; but may the Lord establish that which comes out of your mouth: and the woman stayed, and suckled her son until she had weaned him. 24 And she went up with him to Shiloh with a calf of three years old, and loaves, and an ephah of fine flour, and a bottle of wine: and she entered into the house of the Lord in Shiloh, and the child with them. 25 And they brought him before the Lord; and his father killed his offering which he offered from year to year to the Lord; and he brought near the child, and killed the calf; and Hannah the mother of the child brought him to Eli.
600–501 BCE
1 Samuel 9:24
Hebrew Bible
22 Then Samuel brought Saul and his servant into the room and gave them a place at the head of those who had been invited. There were about thirty people present. 23 Samuel said to the cook, “Give me the portion of meat that I gave to you—the one I asked you to keep with you.” 24 So the cook picked up the leg and brought it and set it in front of Saul. Samuel said, “What was kept is now set before you! Eat, for it has been kept for you for this meeting time, from the time I said, ‘I have invited the people.’” So Saul ate with Samuel that day. 25 When they came down from the high place to the town, Samuel spoke with Saul on the roof. 26 They got up at dawn and Samuel called to Saul on the roof, “Get up, so I can send you on your way.” So Saul got up and the two of them—he and Samuel—went outside.
100–1 BCE
LXX 1 Samuel 9:24
Septuagint
22 And Samuel took Saul and his servant, and brought them to the inn, and set them there a place among the chief of those that were called, about seventy men. 23 And Samuel said to the cook, Give me the portion which I gave you, which I told you to set by you. 24 Now the cook had lifted up the thigh, and he set it before Saul; and Samuel said to Saul, Look at that which is left: set it before you, and eat; for it is set for you as a testimony in preference to the others; take of it: and Saul ate with Samuel on that day. 25 And he went down from Bamah into the city; and they prepared a lodging for Saul on the roof. 26 And he lay down. And it happened when the morning dawned, that Samuel called Saul on the roof, saying, Rise up, and I will dismiss you. And Saul arose, and he and Samuel went out.
600–501 BCE
1 Samuel 13:3
Hebrew Bible
1 Saul was [thirty] years old when he began to reign; he ruled over Israel for [forty] years. 2 Saul selected for himself 3,000 men from Israel. Of these 2,000 were with Saul at Micmash and in the hill country of Bethel; the remaining 1,000 were with Jonathan at Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin. He sent all the rest of the people back home. 3 Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost that was at Geba and the Philistines heard about it. Then Saul alerted all the land saying, “Let the Hebrews pay attention!” 4 All Israel heard this message, “Saul has attacked the Philistine outpost, and now Israel is repulsive to the Philistines!” So the people were summoned to join Saul at Gilgal. 5 Meanwhile the Philistines gathered to battle with Israel. Then they went up against Israel with 3,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen, and an army as numerous as the sand on the seashore. They went up and camped at Micmash, east of Beth Aven.
100–1 BCE
LXX 1 Samuel 13:3
Septuagint
1 2 And Saul chooses for himself three thousand men of the men of Israel: and there were with Saul two thousand who were in Michmash, and in mount Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and he sent the rest of the people every man to his tent. 3 And Jonathan struck Nasib the Philistine that lived in the hill; and the Philistines hear of it, and Saul sounds the trumpet through all the land, saying, The slaves have despised us. 4 And all Israel heard it said, Saul has struck Nasib the Philistine; now Israel had been put to shame before the Philistines; and the people cried out after Saul in Gilgal.
600–501 BCE
1 Samuel 17:52
Hebrew Bible
51 David ran and stood over the Philistine. He grabbed Goliath’s sword, drew it from its sheath, and after killing him, he cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they ran away. 52 Then the men of Israel and Judah charged forward, shouting a battle cry. They chased the Philistines to the valley and to the very gates of Ekron. The Philistine corpses lay fallen along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron. 53 When the Israelites returned from their hot pursuit of the Philistines, they looted their camp.
100–1 BCE
LXX 1 Samuel 17:52
Septuagint
51 And David ran, and stood upon him, and took his sword, and killed him, and cut off his head: and the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, and they fled. 52 And the men of Israel and Judah arose, and shouted and pursued them as far as the entrance to Gath, and as far as the gate of Ashkelon: and the Philistine men who were killed fell in the way of the gates, both to Gath, and to Ekron. 53 And the men of Israel returned from pursuing after the Philistines, and they destroyed their camp.
600–501 BCE
Ezekiel 8:17
Hebrew Bible
16 Then he brought me to the inner court of the Lord’s house. Right there at the entrance to the Lord’s temple, between the porch and the altar, were about 25 men with their backs to the Lord’s temple, facing east—they were worshiping the sun toward the east! 17 He said to me, “Do you see, son of man? Is it a trivial thing that the house of Judah commits these abominations they are practicing here? For they have filled the land with violence and provoked me to anger still further. Look, they are putting the branch to their nose! 18 Therefore I will act with fury! My eye will not pity them nor will I spare them. When they have shouted in my ears, I will not listen to them.”
100–1 BCE
LXX Ezekiel 8:17
Septuagint
16 And he brought me into the inner court of the house of the Lord, and at the entrance of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, were about twenty men, with their back parts toward the temple of the Lord, and their faces turned the opposite way; and these were worshiping the sun. 17 And he said to me, Son of man, you have seen this. Is it a little thing to the house of Judah to practice the iniquities which they have practiced here? for they have filled the land with iniquity: and, look, these are as scorners. 18 Therefore I will deal with them in fierce anger: my eye shall not spare, nor will I have any mercy.
600–501 BCE
Ezekiel 16:30
Hebrew Bible
29 Then you multiplied your promiscuity to the land of merchants, Babylonia, but you were not satisfied there either. 30 “‘How I am filled with anger against you*, declares the Sovereign Lord, when you perform all these acts, the deeds of a bold prostitute. 31 When you built your chamber at the head of every street and put up your pavilion in every public square, you were not like a prostitute, because you scoffed at payment.
100–1 BCE
LXX Ezekiel 16:30
Septuagint
29 And you did multiply your covenants with the land of the Chaldeans; and not even with these were you satisfied. 30 Why should I make a covenant with your daughter, says the Lord, while you do all these things, the works of a harlot? and you have prostituted yourself in a threefold degree. 31 With your daughters you have built a house of harlotry in every top of a way, and have set up your high place in every street; and you did become as a harlot gathering hires.
600–501 BCE
Amos 5:8
Hebrew Bible
6 Seek the Lord so you can live! Otherwise he will break out like fire against Joseph’s family; the fire will consume, and no one will be able to quench it and save Bethel. 7 The Israelites turn justice into bitterness; they throw what is fair and right to the ground. 8 But there is one who made the constellations Pleiades and Orion; he can turn the darkness into morning and daylight into night. He summons the water of the seas and pours it out on the earth’s surface. The Lord is his name! 9 He flashes destruction down upon the strong so that destruction overwhelms the fortified places. 10 The Israelites hate anyone who arbitrates at the city gate; they despise anyone who speaks honestly.
100–1 BCE
LXX Amos 5:8
Septuagint
6 Seek the Lord, and you shall live; so that the house of Joseph does not blaze like fire and devour him, and there shall be none to quench it for the house of Israel. 7 It is the Lord that executes judgment in the height above, and he has established justice on the earth: 8 who makes all things, and changes them, and turns the shadow of death into the morning, and darkens the day into night: who calls for the water of the sea, and pours it out on the face of the earth: the Lord God Almighty is his name: 9 who dispenses ruin to strength, and brings distress upon the fortress. 10 They hated him that reproved in the gates, and abhorred holy speech.
600–501 BCE
Amos 5:26
Hebrew Bible
25 You did not bring me sacrifices and grain offerings during the 40 years you spent in the wilderness, family of Israel. 26 You will pick up your images of Sikkuth, your king, and Kiyyun, your star god, which you made for yourselves, 27 and I will drive you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the Lord. He is called the God of Heaven’s Armies.
100–1 BCE
LXX Amos 5:26
Septuagint
25 Have you offered to me victims and sacrifices, house of Israel, forty years in the wilderness? 26 Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Molech, and the star of your god Rephan, the images of them which you made for yourselves. 27 And I will carry you away beyond Damascus, says the Lord, the Almighty God is his name.
600–501 BCE
Amos 5:26
Hebrew Bible
25 You did not bring me sacrifices and grain offerings during the 40 years you spent in the wilderness, family of Israel. 26 You will pick up your images of Sikkuth, your king, and Kiyyun, your star god, which you made for yourselves, 27 and I will drive you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the Lord. He is called the God of Heaven’s Armies.
100–1 BCE
LXX Amos 5:26
Septuagint
25 Have you offered to me victims and sacrifices, house of Israel, forty years in the wilderness? 26 Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Molech, and the star of your god Rephan, the images of them which you made for yourselves. 27 And I will carry you away beyond Damascus, says the Lord, the Almighty God is his name.
70–90 CE
Acts 7:43
New Testament
42 But God turned away from them and gave them over to worship the host of heaven, as it is written in the book of the prophets: ‘It was not to me that you offered slain animals and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, was it, house of Israel? 43 But you took along the tabernacle of Moloch and the star of the god Rephan, the images you made to worship, but I will deport you beyond Babylon.’ 44 Our ancestors had the tabernacle of testimony in the wilderness, just as God who spoke to Moses ordered him to make it according to the design he had seen.
600–501 BCE
Habakkuk 2:4
Hebrew Bible
3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it will not arrive late. 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness. 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples. 6 “But all these nations will someday taunt him and ridicule him with proverbial sayings: ‘Woe to the one who accumulates what does not belong to him (how long will this go on?)—he who gets rich by extortion!’
100–1 BCE
LXX Habakkuk 2:4
Septuagint
3 For the vision is yet for a time, and it shall shoot forth at the end, and not in vain: though he should wait, wait for him; for he that is coming will come, and will not wait. 4 If he should draw back, my soul has no pleasure in him: but the just shall live by my faith. 5 But the arrogant man and the scorner, the boastful man, shall not finish anything; who has enlarged his desire as the grave, and like death he is never satisfied, and he will gather to himself all the nations, and will receive to himself all the peoples. 6 Shall not all these take up a parable against him? and a proverb to tell against him? and they shall say, Woe to him that multiplies to himself the possessions which are not his! how long? and who heavily loads his yoke.
600–201 BCE
Psalm 9:20
Hebrew Bible
17 The wicked are turned back and sent to Sheol; this is the destiny of all the nations that ignore God, 18 for the needy are not permanently ignored, the hopes of the oppressed are not forever dashed. 19 Rise up, Lord! Don’t let men be defiant. May the nations be judged in your presence. 20 Terrify them, Lord. Let the nations know they are mere mortals. (Selah)
100–1 BCE
LXX Psalm 9:21
Septuagint
17 The Lord is known as executing judgments: the sinner is taken in the works of his hands. A song of Pause. 18 Let sinners be driven away into Hades, even all the nations that forget God. 19 For the poor shall not be forgotten for ever: the patience of the needy ones shall not perish for ever. 20 Arise, Lord, let not man prevail: let the pagan nations be judged before you. 21 Appoint, Lord, a lawgiver over them: let the pagan nations know that they are men. Pause.
600–201 BCE
Psalm 24:7
Hebrew Bible
5 Such godly people are rewarded by the Lord, and vindicated by the God who delivers them. 6 Such purity characterizes the people who seek his favor, Jacob’s descendants, who pray to him. (Selah) 7 Look up, you gates. Rise up, you eternal doors. Then the majestic king will enter. 8 Who is this majestic king? The Lord who is strong and mighty. The Lord a mighty man in battle. 9 Look up, you gates. Rise up, you eternal doors. Then the majestic king will enter.
100–1 BCE
LXX Psalm 23:7
Septuagint
5 He shall receive a blessing from the Lord, and mercy from God his Savior. 6 This is the generation of those that seek him, that seek the face of the God of Jacob. Pause. 7 Lift up your gates, you princes, and be lifted up, you everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in. 8 Who is this king of Glory? the Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle. 9 Lift up your gates, you princes; and be lifted up, you everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in.
600–201 BCE
Psalm 40:7
Hebrew Bible
6 Receiving sacrifices and offerings are not your primary concern. Ears you hollowed out for me.18 You do not ask for burnt sacrifices and sin offerings. 7 Then I say, “Look, I come! What is written in the scroll pertains to me. 8 I want to do what pleases you, my God. Your law dominates my thoughts.”
100–1 BCE
LXX Psalm 39:7
Septuagint
6 Lord my God, you have multiplied your wonderful works, and in your thoughts there is none who shall be likened to you: I declared and spoke of them: they exceeded number. 7 Sacrifice and offering you would not; but [a body] you have prepared me: whole burnt offering and sacrifice for sin you did not require. 8 Then I said, Look, I come: in the volume of the book it is written concerning me,
80–90 CE
Hebrews 10:5
New Testament
5 So when he came into the world, he said, “Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me. 6 Whole burnt offerings and sin-offerings you took no delight in. 7 Then I said, ‘Here I am: I have come—it is written of me in the scroll of the book—to do your will, O God.’”
600–201 BCE
Proverbs 1:3
Hebrew Bible
1 The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel: 2 To learn wisdom and moral instruction, to discern wise counsel. 3 To receive moral instruction in skillful living, with righteousness, justice, and equity. 4 To impart shrewdness to the morally naive, a discerning plan to the young person.
100–1 BCE
LXX Proverbs 1:3
Septuagint
1 The Proverbs of Solomon son of David, who reigned in Israel; 2 to know wisdom and instruction, and to perceive words of understanding; 3 to receive also twistings of words, and to understand true justice, and how to direct judgment; 4 that he might give shrewdness to the simple, and to the young man discernment and understanding.
600–201 BCE
Proverbs 8:5
Hebrew Bible
4 “To you, O people, I call out, and my voice calls to all mankind. 5 You who are naive, discern wisdom! And you fools, understand discernment! 6 Listen, for I will speak excellent things, and my lips will utter what is right.
100–1 BCE
LXX Proverbs 8:5
Septuagint
4 You, men, I exhort; and utter my voice to the sons of men. 5 you simple, understand subtlety, and you that are untaught, lay it to heart. 6 Listen to me; for I will speak solemn truths; and will produce right sayings from my lips.
600–201 BCE
Proverbs 8:25
Hebrew Bible
23 From eternity I have been fashioned, from the beginning, from before the world existed. 24 When there were no deep oceans I was born, when there were no springs overflowing with water; 25 before the mountains were set in place—before the hills—I was born, 26 before he made the earth and its fields, or the top soil of the world.
100–1 BCE
LXX Proverbs 8:25
Septuagint
23 He established me before time was in the beginning, 24 before he made the earth, and before he made the depths; before the fountains of water came forth: 25 before the mountains were settled, and before all hills, he begets me. 26 The Lord made countries and uninhabited tracts, and the highest inhabited parts of the world.
600–201 BCE
Proverbs 24:22
Hebrew Bible
21 Fear the Lord, my child, as well as the king, and do not associate with rebels, 22 for suddenly their destruction will overtake them, and who knows the ruinous judgment both the Lord and the king can bring? 23 These sayings also are from the wise: To show partiality in judgment is terrible:
100–1 BCE
LXX Proverbs 24:22
Septuagint
21 My son, fear God and the king; and do not disobey either of them. 22 For they will suddenly punish the ungodly, and who can know the vengeance inflicted by both? 22a A son that keeps the word shall escape destruction; and receiving, he has received it. 22b Let no falsehood be spoken by the king from the tongue; yes, let no falsehood proceed from his tongue.
500–401 BCE
Job 42:2
Hebrew Bible
1 Then Job answered the Lord: 2 “I know that you can do all things; no purpose of yours can be thwarted; 3 you asked, ‘Who is this who darkens counsel without knowledge?’ But I have declared without understanding things too wonderful for me to know.
100–1 BCE
LXX Job 42:2
Septuagint
1 Then Job answered and said to the Lord, 2 I know that you can do all things, and nothing is impossible with you. 3 For who is he that hides counsel from you? or who keeps back his words, and thinks to hide them from you? and who will tell me what I did not know, great and wonderful things which I did not understand?
500–401 BCE
Job 42:9
Hebrew Bible
8 So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and offer a burnt offering for yourselves. And my servant Job will intercede for you, and I will respect him, so that I do not deal with you according to your folly, because you have not spoken about me what is right, as my servant Job has.” 9 So they went, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, and did just as the Lord had told them; and the Lord had respect for Job. 10 So the Lord restored what Job had lost after he prayed for his friends, and the Lord doubled all that had belonged to Job. 11 So they came to him, all his brothers and sisters and all who had known him before, and they dined with him in his house. They comforted him and consoled him for all the trouble the Lord had brought on him, and each one gave him a piece of silver and a gold ring.
100–1 BCE
LXX Job 42:11
Septuagint
8 Now then take seven bullocks, and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and he shall offer a burnt offering for you. And my servant Job shall pray for you, for I will accept only him: for but for his sake, I would have destroyed you, for you have not spoken the truth against my servant Job. 9 So Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Minaean, went and did as the Lord commanded them: and he pardoned their sin for the sake of Job. 10 And the Lord prospered Job: and when he prayed also for his friends, he forgave them their sin: and the Lord gave Job twice as much, even the double of what he had before. 11 And all his brothers and his sisters heard all that had happened to him, and they came to him, and so did all that had known him from the first: and they ate and drank with him, and comforted him, and wondered at all that the Lord had brought upon him: and each one gave him a lamb, and four drachmas' weight of gold, even of unstamped gold.