Texts in Conversation
Deuteronomy 6 commands love of God with all one's strength, which the Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos interprets as wealth. In Mark, the rich man says he follows the Torah, and Jesus says he needs to give his wealth, suggesting a similar reading.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Deuteronomy 6:5
Hebrew Bible
3 Pay attention, Israel, and be careful to do this so that it may go well with you and that you may increase greatly in number—as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, said to you, you will have a land flowing with milk and honey. 4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one! 5 You must love the Lord your God with your whole mind, your whole being, and all your strength. 6 These words I am commanding you today must be kept in mind, 7 and you must teach them to your children and speak of them as you sit in your house, as you walk along the road, as you lie down, and as you get up.
Mark 10:21
New Testament
17 Now as Jesus was starting out on his way, someone ran up to him, fell on his knees, and said, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 19 You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.’” 20 The man said to him, “Teacher, I have wholeheartedly obeyed all these laws since my youth.” 21 As Jesus looked at him, he felt love for him and said, “You lack one thing. Go, sell whatever you have and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.” 22 But at this statement, the man looked sad and went away sorrowful, for he was very rich.
Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5
Targum
3 And you, Israel, shall receive, and keep, and perform, that it may be well with you, and you may increase greatly, as the Lord God of your fathers has said to you, (in) the land which produces milk and honey. 4 HEAR ISRAEL; THE LORD OUR GOD IS ONE LORD: 5 and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your substance. 6 And these words that I command you this day shall be upon your heart. 7 And you shall deliver them to your children, and talk of them when you are sitting in your house, and when you go in the way, and in your lying down, and your rising up.
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Notes and References
“... We may presume Jesus cited Deuteronomy 6:5 to the scribe in Aramaic. It would be interesting to know what word he used as a rendering of me’od of the Hebrew text. The Septuagint renders this by dynamis, “might,” “power,” etc.; the synoptics use ischys, “strength.” [...] Palestinian tradition, as found in the Palestinian Targum, Onqelos and the Peshitta, rendered the word in the sense of “riches,” “abundance,” each choosing a different word to express this idea. The Palestinian Targum as found in Neofiti, Pseudo-Jonathan and the Fragment Targum has: “[thou shalt love the Lord] with all your wealth” (mamonak); Onqelos (and Targ. 2 Kings 23:25) has “with all thy property” (niksak), while the Peshitta renders “with all thy possessions” (qnynk). We may safely assume, then, that in Christ’s day this injunction of the Shema‘ was taken to mean a command to love God with all one’s external possessions. When the rich man came to Jesus asking what he should do to attain eternal life, Jesus replied that for him this meant putting this injunction of his profession of faith into practice in a particular way. Loving God with all one’s riches was now interpreted for the rich man as meaning to sell what he had, give to the poor, and follow Christ. ...”
McNamara, Martin
Targum and Testament Revisited Aramaic Paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible: A Light on the New Testament
(p. 192) William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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