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Ancient Near East

Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 12 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 12 / Lamentations 2:21 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Ezekiel 7:15 / Lamentations 1:20 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Jeremiah 14:18 / Lamentations 1:20

Matching Reference Citations

Hebrew Bible

Genesis 3:23 / Genesis 3:23 / LXX Genesis 3:23 Genesis 13:10 / Genesis 19:24 / Genesis 13:10 Isaiah 30:26 / Isaiah 30:26 / 1 Enoch 72:37 Genesis 1:1 / Genesis 1:1 / Isaiah 65:17 Exodus 8:6 / Exodus 8:6 / Revelation 16:13 Psalm 82:6 / Isaiah 24:21 / Psalm 82:6 Ezekiel 2:2 / Ezekiel 2:2 / 1 Enoch 14:24 Daniel 12:1 / Daniel 12:1 / Luke 10:20 Genesis 2:4 / Genesis 2:4 / Genesis 14:19 Genesis 9:4 / Genesis 9:4 / Ezekiel 44:7

Ancient Near East

Eridu Genesis / Eridu Genesis / Genesis 7:3 Eridu Genesis / Eridu Genesis / Genesis 7:10 Eridu Genesis / Eridu Genesis / Genesis 2:7 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356 / Lamentations 5:14 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 211 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 211 / Lamentations 4:2 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269 / Lamentations 5:18 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Ezekiel 7:15 / Lamentations 1:20 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Jeremiah 14:18 / Lamentations 1:20 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 12 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 12 / Lamentations 2:21 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 393 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 393 / Lamentations 1:10 Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta / Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta / Genesis 11:1 Epic of Gilgamesh XI / Epic of Gilgamesh XI / Ezekiel 14:21 The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq / Jeremiah 5:8 / The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq The Building of Ningirsu Temple / The Building of Ningirsu Temple / Ezekiel 43:2 Epic of Gilgamesh VI / Epic of Gilgamesh VI / Psalm 8:1 Epic of Gilgamesh VI / Epic of Gilgamesh VI / Genesis 7:11 Code of Ur Nammu / Code of Ur Nammu / Exodus 22:22 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Judges 5:25 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Song of Solomon 4:11 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Song of Solomon 5:1 Enki and Ninhursag / Enki and Ninhursag / Isaiah 11:6 A Hymn to Nungal / A Hymn to Nungal / Malachi 3:16 A Hymn to Nungal / A Hymn to Nungal / Luke 10:20 A Hymn to Nungal / A Hymn to Nungal / Psalm 69:28 Surpu III / Surpu III / Exodus 20:5 Surpu IV / Surpu IV / Isaiah 35:3 Surpu IV / Surpu IV / Psalm 146:8 Code of Hammurabi / Code of Hammurabi / Exodus 21:28

Deuterocanon

Wisdom of Solomon 5:18 / Wisdom of Solomon 5:18 / 1 Thessalonians 5:8

Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch 60:7 / 1 Enoch 60:7 / Jude 1:14

New Testament

Ephesians 6:11 / 4 Maccabees 13:16 / Ephesians 6:11

Texts in Conversation

Ancient Near East

Eridu Genesis / Eridu Genesis / Genesis 6:13 Eridu Genesis / Eridu Genesis / Genesis 7:10 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356 / Lamentations 5:14 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 211 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 211 / Lamentations 4:2 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269 / Lamentations 5:18 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Ezekiel 7:15 / Lamentations 1:20 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 / Jeremiah 14:18 / Lamentations 1:20 Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 12 / Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 12 / Lamentations 2:21 Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 393 / Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 393 / Lamentations 1:10 Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta / Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta / Genesis 11:1 The Building of Ningirsu Temple / The Building of Ningirsu Temple / Ezekiel 43:2 The Dream of Gudea / The Dream of Gudea / Ezekiel 1:4 Instruction of Amenemope / Instruction of Amenemope / Leviticus 19:36 Code of Ur Nammu / Code of Ur Nammu / Exodus 22:22 A Praise Poem of Shulgi / A Praise Poem of Shulgi / Psalm 45:2 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Judges 5:25 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Song of Solomon 4:11 The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi / Song of Solomon 5:1 A Hymn to Nungal / A Hymn to Nungal / Malachi 3:16 A Hymn to Nungal / A Hymn to Nungal / Luke 10:20

Glossary Terms

Enki Mesopotamia Sumer Sumeria Sumerian Sumerians

Articles

Intertextuality and Reception History

The Intersection of Similar Concepts

intertextual.bible • February 9, 2026 • 7 min read

Reference Library

A Biblical Parallel to a Sumerian Temple Hymn? Ezekiel 40–48 and Gudea

Sharon, Diane M. • Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society, Vol. 24, No. 1 • 1996

Sacred Marriages: The Divine-Human Sexual Metaphor from Sumer to Early Christianity

Day, Peggy L. • Eisenbrauns • 2008

The World’s Oldest Literature: Studies in Sumerian Belles-Lettres

Hallo, William W. • Brill • 2010

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