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Onkelos Numbers

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Miriam and Aaron Challenge Moses

Chapter 12

1 And Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses, because of the beautiful woman he had married, because he had separated from the beautiful woman he had married.⁠ 2 And they said, Has the Lord spoken only with Moses? Has He not spoken with us also? And it was heard before the Lord. 3 But the man Moses was very humble, more than all the men who were upon the face of the earth. 4 And the Lord spoke suddenly with Moses, and to Aaron and to Miriam: Come out, you three, to the Tent of Meeting; and those three went out. 5 And the Lord was revealed in the pillar of the Cloud, and stood at the door of the tabernacle: and He called Aaron and Miriam, and the two of them came out. 6 And He said, Listen now to My words. If there are prophets with you, I the Lord will reveal Myself to them in visions, I will speak with them in dreams. 7 But My servant Moses is different; he is trusted among all My people. 8 I speak with him directly; in a vision, not in riddles; and he shall see the likeness of the glory of the Lord.⁠ Why, then, is it that you have not been afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses? 9 And the displeasure of the Lord was strong against them, and He went up. 10 And the Cloud went up from over the tabernacle. And, look, Miriam was white as snow; and Aaron looked at Miriam, and, look, she was afflicted with a leprous disease. 11 And Aaron said to Moses, My lord, please do not lay this sin upon us, because we have acted foolishly, and have transgressed. 12 Please do not let her be separated from among us, for she is our sister. Please pray about this dead flesh which is in her, that she may be healed. 13 And Moses prayed before the Lord, saying: God, please, heal her now. 14 But the Lord said to Moses, If her father had rebuked her, would she not have been ashamed seven days? Let her be confined seven days outside the camp, and afterward be admitted. 15 And Miriam was confined outside the camp seven days; and the people did not set out until Miriam was brought in. 16 And afterward the people journeyed from Hazeroth, and encamped in the wilderness of Paran.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 12:8 and LXX Numbers 12:8 and Onkelos Numbers 12:8

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Targum

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Summary

In Numbers 12, Moses sees God and speaks with Him face to face, and this raises theological questions for translators who avoid physical descriptions of God. The Greek Septuagint and Aramaic Targum resolve this by referring to God’s “glory.”

Passages

Numbers 12:8

Hebrew Bible
7 My servant Moses is not like this; he is faithful in all my house. 8 With him I will speak face to face, openly and not in riddles, and he will see the form of the Lord. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?” 9 The anger of the Lord burned against them, and he departed.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

LXX Numbers 12:8

Septuagint
7 My servant Moses is not so; he is faithful in all my house. 8 I will speak to him mouth to mouth in appearance, and not in riddles; and he has seen the glory of the Lord; and why were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? 9 And the great anger of the Lord was upon them, and he departed.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Numbers

Onkelos Numbers 12:8

Targum
7 But My servant Moses is different; he is trusted among all My people. 8 I speak with him directly; in a vision, not in riddles; and he shall see the likeness of the glory of the Lord. Why, then, is it that you have not been afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses? 9 And the displeasure of the Lord was strong against them, and He went up.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Numbers

References

"... when God is the object, not the subject, of bodily actions, the targumists were faced with a problem. It was obvious that the human actions themselves could not be metaphorical; but the object of them had to be understood in a different way. when the Bible says that someone saw God, it is clear that they saw something, and that something had to be identifiable as God, without suggesting that God himself was visible in bodily form. One solution to this is to introduce God’s “glory”, understood as a visible bright light ... (Compare also the Septuagint and Targum Onkelos at Numbers 12:8) ..."
Edward M. Cook, “The Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in the Targums,” in A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, ed. Matthias Henze (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012), 92–117.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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  • How are you dating the Masoretic text older than the Septuagint we don’t have the paleo Hebrew the original scriptures were written in. Why do you keep referring to modern Hebrew as the original text when the Septuagint is closer to the original Hebrew text you are lying

    zachary wilde, September 10, 2025

Numbers 12:8 and LXX Numbers 12:8 and Onkelos Numbers 12:8

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