Chronological timeline of texts tagged with Changing Divine Speech
About This Tag
Later translations of the Hebrew Bible, such as the Greek Septuagint or the Aramaic Targums, often modify divine speech, either by altering the words spoken or shifting the subject of the speech so that it is no longer God speaking. These changes can result from linguistic, theological, or cultural motivations, and can reveal how translators navigated the tension between preserving the text and adapting it to their communities’ needs.
Note: Dates shown in this timeline are approximate and based on scholarly estimates.
Back to TagGenesis 1:28 / LXX Genesis 1:28
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Genesis 1:28
Hebrew Bible
27 God created humankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them, male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply! Fill the earth and subdue it! Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that moves on the ground.” 29 Then God said, “I now give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the entire earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Genesis 1:28
Septuagint
27 And God made humankind; according to divine image he made it; male and female he made them. 28 And God blessed them, saying, “Increase, and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it, and rule the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky and all the cattle and all the earth and all the creeping things that creep upon the earth.” 29 And God said, “See, I have given to you any herbage, sowable, seeding seed, which is over all the earth, and any tree that has in itself fruit of sowable seed—to you it shall be for food—
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Genesis 3:9
Hebrew Bible
8 Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the Lord God moving about in the orchard at the breezy time of the day, and they hid from the Lord God among the trees of the orchard. 9 But the Lord God called to the man and said to him, “Where are you?” 10 The man replied, “I heard you moving about in the orchard, and I was afraid because I was naked, so I hid.”
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Genesis 3:9
Septuagint
8 And they heard the sound of the Lord God walking about in the orchard in the evening, and both Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God in the midst of the timber of the orchard. 9 And the Lord God called Adam and said to him, “Adam, where are you?” 10 And he said to him, “I heard the sound of you walking about in the orchard, and I was afraid, because I am naked, and I hid myself.”
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Genesis 3:15
Hebrew Bible
14 The Lord God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this, cursed are you above all the cattle and all the living creatures of the field! On your belly you will crawl and dust you will eat all the days of your life. 15 And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; he will strike your head, and you will strike his heel.” 16 To the woman he said, “I will greatly increase your labor pains; with pain you will give birth to children. You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.”
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Genesis 3:15
Septuagint
14 And the Lord God said to the snake, “Because you have done this, cursed are you from all the domestic animals and from all the wild animals of the earth; upon your chest and belly you shall go, and earth you shall eat all the days of your life. 15 And I will put enmity between you and between the woman and between your offspring and between her offspring; he will watch your head, and you will watch his heel.” 16 And to the woman he said, “I will increasingly increase your pains and your groaning; with pains you will bring forth children. And you will return to your husband, and he will dominate you.”
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Genesis 4:7
Hebrew Bible
6 Then the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry, and why is your expression downcast? 7 Is it not true that if you do what is right, you will be fine? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at the door. It desires to dominate you, but you must subdue it.” 8 Cain spoke to his brother Abel.21 While they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Genesis 4:7
Septuagint
6 And the Lord God said to Kain, “Why have you become deeply grieved, and why has your countenance collapsed? 7 If you offer correctly but do not divide correctly, have you not sinned? Be still; his recourse is to you, and you will rule over him.” 8 And Kain said to his brother Habel, “Let us go through into the plain.” And it came about when they were in the plain, that then Kain rose up against his brother Habel and killed him.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Genesis 9:15
Hebrew Bible
14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the bow35 appears in the clouds, 15 then I will remember my covenant with you and with all living creatures of all kinds. Never again will the waters become a flood and destroy all living things. 16 When the rainbow is in the clouds, I will notice it and remember the perpetual covenant between God and all living creatures of all kinds that are on the earth.”
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Genesis 9:15
Septuagint
14 And it shall be that when I gather clouds over the earth, my bow shall be seen in the cloud, 15 and I will remember my covenant that is between me and you and between every living creature among all flesh, and the water shall no more become a flood so as to wipe out all flesh. 16 And the bow shall be in the cloud, and I will see it to remember the everlasting covenant between me and between every living creature among all flesh that is on the earth.”
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 3:12
Hebrew Bible
11 Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh, or that I should bring the Israelites out of Egypt?” 12 He replied, “Surely I will be with you, and this will be the sign to you that I have sent you: When you bring the people out of Egypt, you and they will serve God at this mountain.” 13 Moses said to God, “If I go to the Israelites and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’—what should I say to them?”
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Exodus 3:12
Targum
11 And Mosheh said before the Lord, Who am I, that I should go to Pharoah to bring the sons of Israel out of Mizraim? 12 And He said, Because My Memra shall be your helper: and this shall be the sign that I have sent you: In your leading of the people from Mizraim you shall do service before the Lord upon this mountain. 13 And Mosheh said before the Lord, Behold, when I come to the sons of Israel, and say to them, The God of your fathers has sent me to you, and they say to me, What is His name? what shall I say to them?
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 4:14
Hebrew Bible
13 But Moses said, “O my Lord, please send anyone else whom you wish to send!” 14 Then the Lord became angry with Moses, and he said, “What about your brother Aaron the Levite? I know that he can speak very well. Moreover, he is coming to meet you, and when he sees you he will be glad in his heart. 15 “So you are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth. And as for me, I will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and I will teach you both what you must do.
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Exodus 4:14
Targum
13 And he said, I beseech the Lord to send by the hand of one who is fit to be sent. 14 And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Mosheh; and He said, Is not Aharon the Levite, your brother, known before Me as one who can speak well? and also, behold, he is coming to meet you, and will see you, and rejoice in his heart. 15 And you shall speak with him, and put the words in his mouth; and My Memra will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and I will teach you what to do.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 12:12
Hebrew Bible
11 This is how you are to eat it—dressed to travel, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You are to eat it in haste. It is the Lord’s Passover. 12 “‘I will pass through the land of Egypt in the same night, and I will attack all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of humans and of animals, and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. I am the Lord. 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, so that when I see the blood I will pass over you, and this plague will not fall on you to destroy you when I attack the land of Egypt.
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Exodus 12:12
Targum
11 And thus shall you eat it; with your loins girded, with your sandals on your feet, and your staves in your hands, and you shall eat it in haste; it is the Pascha before the Lord. 12 And I will be revealed in the land of Mizraim in that night, and will kill every firstborn in the land from man unto beast, and on all the idols of Mizraim I will execute judgment: I am the Lord. 13 And the blood shall be for you a sign upon the houses where you are; and I will see the blood, and will have mercy upon you, and there shall not be among you the destruction of death when I slay in the land of Mizraim.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 12:43
Hebrew Bible
42 It was a night of vigil for the Lord to bring them out from the land of Egypt, and so on this night all Israel is to keep the vigil to the Lord for generations to come. 43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover. No foreigner may share in eating it. 44 But everyone’s servant who is bought for money, after you have circumcised him, may eat it.
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Exodus 12:43
Targum
42 It is a night to be kept before the Lord for bringing them forth from the land of Mizraim: this is that night before the Lord kept by all the children of Israel in their generations. 43 And the Lord said to Mosheh and to Aharon, This is the rite of the Pascha. Every son of Israel who apostatizes shall not eat of it; 44 but every male servant bought with silver, and thou hast circumcised him, may eat thereof.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 14:15
Hebrew Bible
14 The Lord will fight for you, and you can be still.” 15 The Lord said to Moses, “Why do you cry out to me? Tell the Israelites to move on. 16 And as for you, lift up your staff and extend your hand toward the sea and divide it, so that the Israelites may go through the middle of the sea on dry ground.
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Exodus 14:15
Targum
14 the Lord will fight for you the fight, and you shall be quiet. 15 And the Lord said to Mosheh, I have heard your prayer. Speak to the children of Israel that they go onward: 16 and you, take your rod and stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide it, and the children of Israel shall go into the middle of the sea on dry ground.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 20:23
Hebrew Bible
22 The Lord said to Moses, “Thus you will tell the Israelites: ‘You yourselves have seen that I have spoken with you from heaven. 23 You must not make gods of silver alongside me, nor make gods of gold for yourselves. 24 “‘You must make for me an altar made of earth, and you will sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your sheep and your cattle. In every place where I cause my name to be honored I will come to you and I will bless you.
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Exodus 20:20
Targum
19 And the Lord said to Mosheh, Thus shalt thou speak to the children of Israel; You have seen that I have spoken to you from the heavens. 20 You shall not make before Me idols of silver, neither idols of gold shall you make to you. 21 An altar of earth shalt thou make before Me, and shalt sacrifice upon it thy burnt offerings and thy sanctified victims, thy sheep and thy oxen. In every place where I may cause My Shekinah to dwell, thither will I send My blessing, and will bless thee.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 25:8
Hebrew Bible
6 oil for the light, spices for the anointing oil and for fragrant incense, 7 onyx stones, and other gems to be set in the ephod and in the breastpiece. 8 Let them make for me a sanctuary, so that I may live among them. 9 According to all that I am showing you—the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all its furnishings—you must make it exactly so. 10 “They are to make an ark of acacia wood—its length is to be 45 inches, its width 27 inches, and its height 27 inches.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Exodus 25:7
Septuagint
5 and rams’ skins dyed red and blue skins and wood that does not deteriorate, 6 and sardius stones and stones for the carving, for the shoulder and the full-length robe. 7 And you shall make a sanctuary for me, and I will appear among you. 8 And you shall make it for me according to everything I show you on the mountain—the pattern of the tent and the pattern of all its vessels. So you will make them.” 9 “And you shall make an ark of testimony from wood that does not deteriorate, two and a half cubits in length and a cubit and a half in width and a cubit and a half in height.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 29:45
Hebrew Bible
44 “So I will set apart as holy the tent of meeting and the altar, and I will set apart as holy Aaron and his sons that they may minister as priests to me. 45 I will reside among the Israelites, and I will be their God, 46 and they will know that I am the Lord their God, who brought them out from the land of Egypt, so that I may reside among them. I am the Lord their God.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Exodus 29:45
Septuagint
44 And I will make the tent of testimony and the altar holy, and I will make Aaron and his sons holy, to serve me as priests. 45 And I will be called upon by the sons of Israel, and I will be their God. 46 And they will recognize that I myself am the Lord God.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus 33:2
Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord said to Moses, “Go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land I promised on oath to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’ 2 I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. 3 Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people, and I might destroy you on the way.”
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Exodus 33:2
Septuagint
1 And the Lord said to Moses, “Go, go on up from here, you and your people whom you have led out of the land of Egypt into the land that I swore to Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your seed.’” 2 And I will send my angel along before your face and he will drive out the Amorite and Hittite and Perizzite and Girgashite and Hivite and Jebusite. 3 And I will bring you into a land flowing with milk and honey, for I will certainly not go up with you because of the stiff-necked people that you are, lest I consume you on the way.”
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Leviticus 17:4
Hebrew Bible
2 “Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the Israelites, and tell them, ‘This is the word that the Lord has commanded, 3 “Blood guilt will be accounted to any man from the house of Israel who slaughters an ox or a lamb or a goat inside the camp or outside the camp, 4 but has not brought it to the entrance of the Meeting Tent to present it as an offering to the Lord before the tabernacle of the Lord. He has shed blood, so that man will be cut off from the midst of his people. 5 This is so that the Israelites will bring their sacrifices that they are sacrificing in the open field to the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent—to the priest—and sacrifice them there as peace-offering sacrifices to the Lord.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Leviticus 17:4
Septuagint
2 “Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel, and say to them, ‘This is the instruction that the Lord charged, saying 3 “A person a person of the sons of Israel or of the resident aliens or those who are abiding among you, whoever slaughters a young bull or a sheep or a goat in the encampment, and whoever does the slaughtering outside the encampment 4 and does not bring it at the entrance of the tent of testimony in order to present it as a whole burnt offering or as an offering of well-being for the Lord, approved as a sweet-smelling aroma, and whoever does the slaughtering outside and does not bring it at the entrance of the tent of the testimony so that he does not present it as a gift for the Lord in front of the tent of the Lord, then blood will be reckoned to that person; he has shed blood. That person will be utterly destroyed from his people 5 This is so that the sons of Israel will bring and present their sacrifices, whatever they themselves slaughter in the fields and bring to the Lord at the entrances of the tent of testimony to the priest. And they will sacrifice them as a sacrifice of peace to the Lord
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Leviticus 23:30
Hebrew Bible
29 Indeed, any person who does not behave with humility on this particular day will be cut off from his people. 30 As for any person who does any work on this particular day, I will exterminate that person from the midst of his people— 31 you must not do any work! This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations in all the places where you live.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Leviticus 23:30
Septuagint
29 Any person whosoever will not humble himself on this very day will be utterly destroyed from among his people. 30 And every person whosoever will engage in labor on this very day, that person will be destroyed from his people. 31 You will not perform any work; this is a perpetual law throughout your generations in all your settlements.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Numbers 11:18
Hebrew Bible
17 Then I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take part of the Spirit that is on you, and will put it on them, and they will bear some of the burden of the people with you, so that you do not bear it all by yourself. 18 “And say to the people, ‘Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow, and you will eat meat, for you have wept in the ears* of the Lord, saying, “Who will give us meat to eat, for life was good for us in Egypt?” Therefore the Lord will give you meat, and you will eat. 19 You will eat, not just one day, nor two days, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days,
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Numbers 11:18
Septuagint
17 And I will come down, and I will speak with you there, and I will take from the spirit that is on you, and I will place it on them, and they will assist you concerning the impulsive behavior of the people, and you will not bear them yourself alone. 18 And say to the people: ‘Purify yourselves for tomorrow, and you will eat meat, since you have cried out before the Lord, saying, “Who will feed us with meat, because it was good for us in Egypt?” And the Lord will give you meat to eat, and you will eat meat. 19 Not one day will you eat, nor two, nor five days, nor ten days, not even twenty days!
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Numbers 12:8
Hebrew Bible
7 My servant Moses is not like this; he is faithful in all my house. 8 With him I will speak face to face, openly and not in riddles, and he will see the form of the Lord. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?” 9 The anger of the Lord burned against them, and he departed.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Numbers 12:8
Septuagint
7 Not so with my servant Moses; in my whole household he is trustworthy. 8 Mouth to mouth I will speak to him, in appearance and not through riddles. And he has beheld the glory of the Lord. And why are you not fearful of speaking against my servant, Moses?” 9 And the wrathful anger of the Lord was on them, and he departed.
100-200 C.E.
Onkelos Numbers 12:8
Targum
7 But not so (with) My servant Mosheh; over all My house faithful is he. 8 Speaker with speaker will I speak with him; in apparition, and not in similitudes; and he shall behold the likeness of the glory of the Lord. And how is this, that you have not been afraid to speak against My servant, against Mosheh? 9 And the displeasure of the Lord was strong against them, and He went up.
5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Numbers 12:8
Hebrew Bible
6 The Lord said, “Hear now my words: If there is a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known to him in a vision; I will speak with him in a dream. 7 My servant Moses is not like this; he is faithful in all my house. 8 With him I will speak face to face, openly and not in riddles, and he will see the form of the Lord. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?” 9 The anger of the Lord burned against them, and he departed. 10 After the cloud had departed from above the tent, there was Miriam, leprous like snow. Then Aaron turned toward Miriam, and realized that she was leprous.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Numbers 12:8
Septuagint
6 And he said to them, “Hear my words: If there may be a prophet from among you to the Lord, I will be made known to him in a vision, and while he is sleeping, I will speak to him. 7 Not so with my servant Moses; in my whole household he is trustworthy. 8 Mouth to mouth I will speak to him, in appearance and not through riddles. And he has beheld the glory of the Lord. And why are you not fearful of speaking against my servant, Moses?” 9 And the wrathful anger of the Lord was on them, and he departed. 10 And the cloud drew away from the tent, and, look, Miriam was leprous, like snow. And Aaron looked on Miriam, and, look, she was leprous.
6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Deuteronomy 8:2
Hebrew Bible
1 You must keep carefully all these commandments I am giving you today so that you may live, increase in number, and go in and occupy the land that the Lord promised to your ancestors. 2 Remember the whole way by which he has brought you these 40 years through the wilderness so that he might, by humbling you, test you to see if you have it within you to keep his commandments or not. 3 So he humbled you by making you hungry and then feeding you with unfamiliar manna. He did this to teach you that humankind cannot live by bread alone, but also by everything that comes from the Lord’s mouth. 4 Your clothing did not wear out nor did your feet swell all these 40 years.
3rd Century B.C.E.
LXX Deuteronomy 8:2
Septuagint
1 “‘All the commands that I commanded you today you shall be mindful to do, in order that you may live and become numerous and, entering in, take possession of the land that the Lord your God swore to your fathers. 2 And you shall remember all the way that the Lord your God led you in the wilderness that he might afflict you and test you and to discern in your heart whether you will keep his commands or not. 3 And he afflicted you and weakened you by hunger and fed you manna, which your fathers did not see, in order to declare to you that a man 1 shall not live on only bread, but a man shall live on every word going out through the mouth of God.
6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Judges 6:16
Hebrew Bible
15 Gideon said to him, “But Lord, how can I deliver Israel? Just look! My clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my family.” 16 The Lord said to him, “Ah, but I will be with you! You will strike down the whole Midianite army.” 17 Gideon said to him, “If you really are pleased with me, then give me a sign as proof that it is really you speaking with me.
2nd Century B.C.E.
LXX Judges 6:16
Septuagint
15 And Gideon said to him, “In me, my Lord, by what shall I save Israel? Look, my thousand is weak in Manasseh, and I am the insignificant one in the house of my father.” 16 So the angel of the Lord said to him, “The Lord shall be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites like one man.” 17 Gideon said to him, “If then I have found mercy in your eye, and you do for me today all that you have said to me,
6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
1 Samuel 15:2
Hebrew Bible
1 Then Samuel said to Saul, “I was the one the Lord sent to anoint you as king over his people Israel. Now listen to what the Lord says. 2 Here is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘I carefully observed how the Amalekites opposed Israel along the way when Israel came up from Egypt. 3 So go now and strike down the Amalekites. Destroy everything they have. Don’t spare them. Put them to death—man, woman, child, infant, ox, sheep, camel, and donkey alike.’”
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX 1 Samuel 15:2
Septuagint
1 And Samuel said to Saul, “The Lord sent me to anoint you to be king over Israel. So now listen to the voice of the Lord. 2 This is what the Lord Sabaoth says: ‘Now I will avenge what the Amalekites did to Israel when they encountered them on the way of their coming up from Egypt. 3 And now go, and you will strike down Amalek and Jerim and all that is his, and none should be allowed to live from him. You must completely destroy him, and you will commit him to destruction and all that is his, and you must not spare anything from him. You will kill everything, from men even to women, and from the young child to the suckling baby, and from the calf to the cattle, and from the camel to the donkey.’ ”
6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
2 Samuel 7:5
Hebrew Bible
4 That night the Lord’s message came to Nathan, 5 “Go, tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord has said: Do you really intend to build a house for me to live in? 6 I have not lived in a house from the time I brought the Israelites up from Egypt to the present day. Instead, I was traveling with them and living in a tent.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX 2 Samuel 7:5
Septuagint
4 And it happened during that night that the word of the Lord came to Nathan, saying, 5 “Go and say to my servant, David, this is what the Lord says, ‘You will not build for me a house for me to dwell in. 6 For I have not lived in a house from that day I brought the sons of Israel up from Egypt until this day, and I am living in a temporary home and in a tent.
6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
2 Samuel 7:15
Hebrew Bible
14 I will become his father and he will become my son. When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings. 15 But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 16 Your house and your kingdom will stand before me permanently; your dynasty will be permanent.’”
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX 2 Samuel 7:15
Septuagint
14 I will be like a father to him and he will be like a son to me. And if he should demonstrate injustice, then I will disgrace him with the rod of man and with the infections from the sons of mortals. 15 But I will not withdraw my compassion from him as I withdrew it from those whom I withdrew from my face. 16 And his house as well as his kingdom will be made steadfast before me for eternity. And his throne will be established for eternity.” ’”
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 5:10
Hebrew Bible
9 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me this: “Many houses will certainly become desolate, large, impressive houses will have no one living in them. 10 Indeed, a large vineyard will produce just a few gallons, and enough seed to yield several bushels will produce less than a bushel.” 11 Beware, those who get up early to drink beer, those who keep drinking long after dark until they are intoxicated with wine.
200-300 C.E.
Jonathan Isaiah 5:10
Targum
The prophet said, With mine ears I have heard when this was decreed from before the Lord of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even the great and the fair, without inhabitant. Because of the sin of not giving tithes, the place of ten acres of vineyard shall produce one bath; and the place where a cor of seed was sown shall produce three measures. Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, chasing after drink of old wine, delaying to separate; tarrying upon their couches till the dawn of the morning. The wine of oppression inflames them!
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 6:10
Hebrew Bible
8 I heard the voice of the Lord say, “Whom will I send? Who will go on our behalf?” I answered, “Here I am, send me!” 9 He said, “Go and tell these people: “‘Listen continually, but don’t understand. Look continually, but don’t perceive.’ 10 Make the hearts of these people calloused; make their ears deaf and their eyes blind. Otherwise they might see with their eyes and hear with their ears, their hearts might understand and they might repent and be healed.” 11 I replied, “How long, Lord?” He said, “Until cities are in ruins and unpopulated, and houses are uninhabited, and the land is ruined and devastated, 12 and the Lord has sent the people off to a distant place,and the very heart of the land is completely abandoned.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 6:10
Septuagint
8 Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, “Whom should I send, and who will go to this people?” And I said, “Here am I; send me!” 9 And he said, “Go, and say to this people: ‘You will listen by listening, but you will not understand, and looking you will look, but you will not perceive.’ 10 For this people’s heart has grown fat, and with their ears they have heard heavily, and they have shut their eyes so that they might not see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn—and I would heal them.” 11 Then I said, “How long, O Lord?” And he said: “Until cities become desolate, because they are not inhabited, and houses, because there are no people, and the land will be left desolate. 12 And after these things, God will send people far away, and those who have been left will be multiplied on the land.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 21:7
Hebrew Bible
5 Arrange the table, lay out the carpet, eat and drink! Get up, you officers, smear oil on the shields! 6 For this is what the Lord has told me: “Go, post a guard! He must report what he sees. 7 When he sees chariots, teams of horses, riders on donkeys, riders on camels, he must be alert, very alert.” 8 Then the guard cries out: “On the watchtower, O Lord, I stand all day long; at my post I am stationed every night. 9 Look what’s coming! A charioteer, a team of horses.” When questioned, he replies, “Babylon has fallen, fallen! All the idols of her gods lie shattered on the ground!”
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 21:7
Septuagint
5 Prepare the table; drink; eat! Rise up, rulers; prepare shields! 6 Because thus the Lord said to me: “Go, post a lookout for yourself, and announce whatever you see.” 7 And I saw two riding horsemen, a rider on a donkey and a rider on a camel. Listen with much listening, 8 and call Ourias to the watchtower of the Lord. And he said: “I stood continually by day, and over the camp I stood the whole night. 9 And look, he himself comes, a rider of a pair of horses!” Then he answered and said, “Babylon has fallen, and all her images and the works of her hands have been crushed to the ground.”
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 22:14
Hebrew Bible
12 At that time the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies called for weeping and mourning, for shaved heads and sackcloth. 13 But look, there is outright celebration! You say, “Kill the ox and slaughter the sheep, eat meat and drink wine. Eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!” 14 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me this: “Certainly this sin will not be forgiven as long as you live,” says the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 15 This is what the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies says:“Go visit this administrator, Shebna, who supervises the palace, and tell him:
200-300 C.E.
Jonathan Isaiah 22:14
Targum
12 And the prophet of the Lord, the God, the God of hosts, called in that day to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth: 13 But, behold, joy and gladness; they say, Let us slay oxen, and kill sheep, we will eat flesh, ve will drink wine; let us eat, and drink, since we shall die, and not live. 14 The prophet said, with mine ears I was hearing when this was decreed from before the Lord of hosts, namely, that this your iniquity shall not be forgiven you till you die the second death, said the Lord, the God, the God of hosts. 15 Thus said the Lord, the God, the God of hosts. Come, go to this ruler, even to Shebna, who is appointed over the house.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 43:12
Hebrew Bible
10 “You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “my servant whom I have chosen so that you may consider and believe in me, and understand that I am he. No god was formed before me, and none will outlive me. 11 I, I am the Lord, and there is no deliverer besides me. 12 I decreed and delivered and proclaimed, and there was no other god among you. You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “that I am God. 13 From this day forward I am he; no one can deliver from my power; I will act, and who can prevent it?” 14 This is what the Lord says, your Protector, the Holy One of Israel: “For your sake I send to Babylon and make them all fugitives, turning the Babylonians’ joyful shouts into mourning songs.
200-300 C.E.
Jonathan Isaiah 43:12
Targum
10 Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord, and my servant, the Messiah, in whom is my delight, in order that ye may know, and that ye may believe in me, and understand that I am He who was from the beginning; yea, ages after ages are mine, and beside me there is no god. 11 I, even I, am the Lord, and beside me there is no saviour. 12 I, I have declared unto Abraham your father what would come to pass; I, I redeemed you out of Egypt, as I swore to him between the pieces; and I, I have made you to hear the doctrine of my law from Sinai, and ye are still alive, when there was no strange god among you; yea, ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord, that I am God. 13 Yea, from eternity I am He; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will do it, and who shall turn it back? 14 Thus saith the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel, Because of your sins I led you captive to Babylon; but I will prostrate all of them with their oars, yea, the Chaldeans in the ships of which they boast.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 44:21
Hebrew Bible
20 He feeds on ashes; his deceived mind misleads him. He cannot rescue himself, nor does he say, ‘Is this not a false god I hold in my right hand?’ 21 Remember these things, O Jacob, O Israel, for you are my servant. I formed you to be my servant; O Israel, I will not forget you! 22 I remove the guilt of your rebellious deeds as if they were a cloud, the guilt of your sins as if they were a cloud. Come back to me, for I protect you.” 23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; shout out, you subterranean regions of the earth. O mountains, give a joyful shout; you too, O forest and all your trees! For the Lord protects Jacob; he reveals his splendor through Israel.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 44:21
Septuagint
20 Know that their heart is ashes, and they are going astray, and no one is able to deliver his soul. See, will you not say, “There is a lie in my right hand”? 21 Remember these things, O Iakob and Israel, for you are my servant; I formed you as my servant, and you, Israel, do not forget me. 22 For see, I have blotted out your acts of lawlessness like a cloud and your sins like darkness; return to me, and I will redeem you. 23 Rejoice, O heavens, because God has had mercy on Israel; trumpet, O foundations of the earth; shout for joy, O mountains, the hills and all the trees that are in them, because God has redeemed Iakob, and Israel will be glorified!
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 49:8
Hebrew Bible
7 This is what the Lord, the Protector of Israel, their Holy One, says to the one who is despised and rejected by nations, a servant of rulers: “Kings will see and rise in respect, princes will bow down, because of the faithful Lord, the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.” 8 This is what the Lord says: “At the time I decide to show my favor, I will respond to you; in the day of deliverance I will help you; I will protect you and make you a covenant mediator for people, to rebuild the land and to reassign the desolate property. 9 You will say to the prisoners, ‘Come out, ’and to those who are in dark dungeons, ‘Emerge.’ They will graze beside the roads; on all the slopes they will find pasture.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 49:8
Septuagint
7 Thus says the Lord who delivered you, the God of Israel: “Sanctify him who despises his own soul, who is abhorred by the nations, the slaves of rulers; kings shall see him, and rulers shall stand up and do obeisance to him for the Lord’s sake, because the Holy One of Israel is faithful, and I have chosen you.” 8 Thus says the Lord: In an acceptable time I have listened to you, on a day of salvation I have helped you; I gave you as a covenant to nations, to establish the land, and to inherit a wilderness heritage, 9 saying to those who are in bonds, “Come out,” and to those who are in darkness that they be revealed. And they shall feed in all their ways; in all the paths shall be their pasture;
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 51:3
Hebrew Bible
1 “Listen to me, you who pursue godliness, who seek the Lord. Look at the rock from which you were chiseled, at the quarry from which you were dug. 2 Look at Abraham, your father, and Sarah, who gave you birth. When I summoned him, he was a lone individual, but I blessed him and gave him numerous descendants. 3 Certainly the Lord will console Zion; he will console all her ruins. He will make her wilderness like Eden, her arid rift valley like the garden of the Lord. Happiness and joy will be restored to her, thanksgiving and the sound of music. 4 Pay attention to me, my people. Listen to me, my people! For I will issue a decree, I will make my justice a light to the nations. 5 I am ready to vindicate, I am ready to deliver, I will establish justice among the nations. The coastlands wait patiently for me; they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 51:3
Septuagint
1 Hear me, you that pursue what is righteous, and seek the Lord. Look to the solid rock that you hewed and to the hole of the pit that you dug. 2 Look to Abraam your father and to Sarra who bore you; because he was but one, then I called him and blessed him and loved him and multiplied him. 3 And I will comfort you now, Sion; I comforted all her desolate places, and I will make her desolate places like the garden of the Lord; in her they will find joy and gladness, confession and the voice of praise. 4 Hear me; hear, my people, and you kings, give ear to me, because a law will go out from me, and my judgment for a light to nations. 5 My righteousness draws near swiftly; my salvation will go out, and the nations will hope in my arm; the islands will wait for me and hope in my arm.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 51:16
Hebrew Bible
14 The one who suffers will soon be released; he will not die in prison, he will not go hungry. 15 I am the Lord your God, who churns up the sea so that its waves surge. The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name! 16 “I commission you as my spokesman; I cover you with the palm of my hand to establish the sky and to found the earth, to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’” 17 Wake up! Wake up! Get up, O Jerusalem! You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you, which was full of his anger. You drained dry the goblet full of intoxicating wine. 18 There was no one to lead her among all the children she bore; there was no one to take her by the hand among all the children she raised.
200-300 C.E.
Jonathan Isaiah 51:16
Targum
14 Vengeance hasteneth to be revealed, and the righteous shall not die in the pit, nor be in want of their food. 15 For I am the Lord thy God, who rebuketh the sea, though its waves roar; the Lord of hosts is His name. 16 I have put the words of my prophecy in thy mouth, and with the shadow of my power have I protected thee, to raise up the nation, concerning which it hath been promised that they shall be as many as the stars of heaven, and to establish the congregation it has been promised concerning them, that they shall multiply like the dust of the earth, and to say to the inhabitants of Zion, Ye are my people. 17 Magnify thyself, magnify thyself; arise, O Jerusalem! who hast received from the Lord the cup of His wrath; the vial of the cup of cursing thou hast drunk, and thou hast removed it. 18 There is none to comfort thee, of all the sons which she hath brought forth; neither is there one to lay hold on her hand, of all the sons she hath nourished.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 57:17
Hebrew Bible
15 For this is what the high and exalted one says, the one who rules forever, whose name is holy: “I dwell in an exalted and holy place, but also with the discouraged and humiliated, in order to cheer up the humiliated and to encourage the discouraged. 16 For I will not be hostile forever or perpetually angry, for then man’s spirit would grow faint before me, the life-giving breath I created. 17 I was angry because of their sinful greed; I attacked them and angrily rejected them, yet they remained disobedient and stubborn. 18 I have seen their behavior, but I will heal them. I will lead them, and I will provide comfort to them and those who mourn with them. 19 I am the one who gives them reason to celebrate. Complete prosperity is available both to those who are far away and those who are nearby,” says the Lord, “and I will heal them.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 57:17
Septuagint
15 This is what the Lord says, the Most High, who dwells forever in lofty places— Holy among the holy ones is his name, the Lord Most High who rests among the holy ones and gives patience to the faint-hearted and gives life to those who are broken of heart: 16 I will not punish you forever, nor will I always be angry with you, for a spirit shall go forth from me, and I have made every breath. 17 Because of sin I grieved him a little while; I struck him and turned my face away from him, and he was grieved and went on sullen in his ways. 18 I have seen his ways, and I healed him and comforted him, yes, gave him true comfort— 19 peace upon peace to those that are far and to those that are near. And the Lord said, I will heal them.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 60:14
Hebrew Bible
12 Indeed, nations or kingdoms that do not serve you will perish; such nations will definitely be destroyed. 13 The splendor of Lebanon will come to you, its evergreens, firs, and cypresses together, to beautify my palace; I will bestow honor at the place of my feet24. 14 The children of your oppressors will come bowing to you; all who treated you with disrespect will bow down at your feet. They will call you, ‘The City of the Lord, Zion of the Holy One of Israel.’ 15 You were once abandoned and despised, with no one passing through, but I will make you a permanent source of pride and joy to coming generations. 16 You will drink the milk of nations; you will nurse at the breasts of kings. Then you will recognize that I, the Lord, am your Deliverer, your Protector, the Powerful One of Jacob.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 60:14
Septuagint
12 For the nations and kings that will not be subject to you shall perish, and the nations shall be made desolate with desolation. 13 And the glory of Lebanon shall come to you, with cypress and pine and cedar together, to glorify my holy place. 14 The sons of those who humbled and provoked you shall come to you with dread; you shall be called City of the Lord, Sion of the Holy One of Israel. 15 Because you have become forsaken and hated and there was none who helped, and I will make you an everlasting gladness, a joy for generations of generations. 16 You shall suck the milk of nations, and you shall eat the wealth of kings, and you shall know that I am the Lord who saves you and rescues you, the God of Israel.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 60:16
Hebrew Bible
15 You were once abandoned and despised, with no one passing through, but I will make you a permanent source of pride and joy to coming generations. 16 You will drink the milk of nations; you will nurse at the breasts of kings. Then you will recognize that I, the Lord, am your Deliverer, your Protector, the Powerful One of Jacob. 17 Instead of bronze, I will bring you gold; instead of iron, I will bring you silver; instead of wood, I will bring you bronze; instead of stones, I will bring you iron. I will make prosperity your overseer, and vindication your sovereign ruler.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 60:16
Septuagint
15 Because you have become forsaken and hated and there was none who helped, and I will make you an everlasting gladness, a joy for generations of generations. 16 You shall suck the milk of nations, and you shall eat the wealth of kings, and you shall know that I am the Lord who saves you and rescues you, the God of Israel. 17 And instead of bronze I will bring you gold; instead of iron I will bring you silver; instead of wood I will bring you bronze; instead of stones, iron. And I will appoint your rulers in peace and your overseers in righteousness.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 63:5
Hebrew Bible
3 “I have stomped grapes in the wine press all by myself; no one from the nations joined me. I stomped on them in my anger; I trampled them down in my rage. Their juice splashed on my garments and stained all my clothes. 4 For I looked forward to the day of vengeance, and then payback time arrived. 5 I looked, but there was no one to help; I was shocked because there was no one offering support. So my right arm accomplished deliverance; my raging anger drove me on. 6 I trampled nations in my anger; I made them drunk in my rage; I splashed their blood on the ground.” 7 I will tell of the faithful acts of the Lord, of the Lord’s praiseworthy deeds. I will tell about all the Lord did for us, the many good things he did for the family of Israel, because of his compassion and great faithfulness.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 63:5
Septuagint
3 “I am full of a trampled wine press, and of the nations no man is with me, and I trampled them in wrath and crushed them like earth and brought down their blood to the earth. 4 For a day of retribution has come upon them, and a year of ransom is here. 5 And I looked, but no one was a helper, and I observed, but no one was assisting; so my own arm delivered them, and my wrath was present. 6 And I trampled them down in my anger, and I brought down their blood to the earth.” 7 I called to mind the mercy of the Lord, the excellences of the Lord in all the things with which the Lord rewards us; the Lord is a good judge to the house of Israel; he provides for us according to his mercy, according to the abundance of his righteousness.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 65:6
Hebrew Bible
3 These people continually and blatantly offend me as they sacrifice in their sacred orchards and burn incense on brick altars. 4 They sit among the tombs and keep watch all night long. They eat pork and broth from unclean sacrificial meat is in their pans. 5 They say, ‘Keep to yourself! Don’t get near me, for I am holier than you!’ These people are like smoke in my nostrils, like a fire that keeps burning all day long. 6 Look, I have decreed: I will not keep silent, but will pay them back; I will pay them back exactly what they deserve, 7 for your sins and your ancestors’ sins,” says the Lord. “Because they burned incense on the mountains and offended me on the hills, I will punish them in full measure.”
200-300 C.E.
Jonathan Isaiah 65:6
Targum
3 A people that provoketh my Word to anger continually to my face; that sacrificeth in gardens to idols, and offereth aromatic spices upon bricks; 4 Who dwell in houses, which are built of the dust of graves, with the dead bodies of the sons of men they dwell, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels; 5 Who say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; because I am purer than thou. These their provocations are as smoke before me: their re compense shall be in hell, where the fire burneth all the day. 6 Behold, it is written before me: I will not give unto them prolongation in this life; but I will recompense unto them the wages for their sins, and deliver their bodies to the second death. 7 Your sins and the sins of your fathers to gether are revealed before me, saith the Lord, which have offered incense upon the mountains, and blasphemed me upon the hills: therefore will I give the reward of their former works into their bosom.
7th-5th Centuries B.C.E.
Isaiah 66:5
Hebrew Bible
4 So I will choose severe punishment for them; I will bring on them what they dread because I called, and no one responded. I spoke and they did not listen. They did evil before me; they chose to do what displeases me.” 5 Listen to the Lord’s message, you who respect his word! “Your countrymen, who hate you and exclude you, supposedly for the sake of my name, say, ‘May the Lord be glorified, then we will witness your joy.’ But they will be put to shame. 6 The sound of battle comes from the city; the sound comes from the temple! It is the sound of the Lord paying back his enemies. 7 Before she goes into labor, she gives birth! Before her contractions begin, she delivers a boy!
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Isaiah 66:5
Septuagint
4 so I will choose mockeries for them and repay them their sins, because I called them and they did not answer me, I spoke and they did not hear, but they did what was evil in my sight and chose the things I did not desire. 5 Hear the word of the Lord, you who tremble at his word; speak, our brothers, to those who hate and abominate us so that the name of the Lord may be glorified and seen in their joy, but those ones shall be put to shame. 6 A voice of crying from the city! A voice from the shrine! The voice of the Lord, rendering retribution to his adversaries! 7 Before she who was in labor gave birth, before the pain of her pangs came, she escaped and gave birth to a male.
6th Century B.C.E.
Ezekiel 21:3
Hebrew Bible
2 “Son of man, turn toward Jerusalem and speak out against the sanctuaries. Prophesy against the land of Israel 3 and say to them, ‘This is what the Lord says: Look, I am against you. I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off from you both the righteous and the wicked. 4 Because I will cut off from you both the righteous and the wicked, my sword will go out from its sheath against everyone from the south to the north.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Ezekiel 21:3
Septuagint
1 And the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 2 “On account of this, prophesy, son of man; set your face against Jerusalem and look intently upon their holy things; and you shall prophesy against the land of Israel. 3 And you shall say to the land of Israel, ‘Look, I am against you, and I will remove my sword from its sheath, and I will utterly destroy the unrighteous and lawless from you! 4 Because I will utterly destroy the unrighteous and lawless from you, so my sword will come out from its sheath against all flesh from the east to the north,
6th Century B.C.E.
Hosea 8:4
Hebrew Bible
3 But Israel has rejected what is morally good; so an enemy will pursue him. 4 They enthroned kings without my consent. They appointed princes but I did not know*. They made idols out of their silver and gold, but they will be destroyed! 5 O Samaria, he has rejected your calf idol. My anger burns against them! They will not survive much longer without being punished, even though they are Israelites!
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Hosea 8:4
Septuagint
3 Because Israel turned away from good things, they have pursued an enemy. 4 They were a king to themselves, and not through me. They ruled, and did not make it known to me. They made their silver and their gold idols for themselves, as a consequence of which they will be utterly destroyed. 5 Get rid of your calf, O Samaria! My wrath has been provoked against them.
6th Century B.C.E.
Hosea 11:1
Hebrew Bible
1 “When Israel was a young man, I loved him like a son, and I summoned my son out of Egypt. 2 But the more I summoned them, the farther they departed from me. They sacrificed to the Baal idols and burned incense to images. 3 Yet it was I who led Ephraim; I took them by the arm, but they did not acknowledge that I had healed them.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Hosea 11:1
Septuagint
1 At dawn they were thrown away; the king of Israel was thrown away.” “Because Israel was an infant, and I loved him, and out of Egypt I called back his children. 2 Just as I called them back, so they sued to depart from my face. They were sacrificing to the Baals, and used to burn incense to the graven images. 3 And I tied together the feet of Ephraim, and took him upon my arm; they did not know that I had healed them.
6th Century B.C.E.
Hosea 13:4
Hebrew Bible
3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt. Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me. Except for me there is no Savior. 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Hosea 13:4
Septuagint
3 Because of this they will be like a vapor in the early morning, and like transient early morning dew, like chaff blown away from a threshing floor, and like a cloud of tears. 4 But I am the Lord, your God, establisher of heaven and creator of earth, whose hands created all the host of the heavens, and I did not unveil them to you so that you might go after them. And I led you up from the land of Egypt, so you will know no god but me, and there is no one who saves except me. 5 I was guiding you in the wilderness, in an uninhabited land, 6 like their pastures. And they were filled to satisfaction, and their hearts were lifted. Because of this they forgot me.
6th Century B.C.E.
Amos 4:4
Hebrew Bible
3 Each of you will go straight through the gaps in the walls; you will be thrown out toward Harmon.” The Lord is speaking. 4 “Go to Bethel and rebel! At Gilgal rebel some more! Bring your sacrifices in the morning, your tithes on the third day! 5 Burn a thank offering of bread made with yeast! Make a public display of your voluntary offerings! For you love to do this, you Israelites.” The Sovereign Lord is speaking.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Amos 4:4
Septuagint
3 And you will be carried out naked before one another, and you will be thrown away into Mount Rimmon,” says the Lord. 4 “You entered into Bethel and were impious, and in Gilgal you increased acting impiously, and you carried your sacrifices for the morning, your tithes for three days. 5 And they read the law outside, and they invoked confessions. You announced, because the sons of Israel loved these things,” says the Lord God.
6th Century B.C.E.
Amos 4:4
Hebrew Bible
3 Each of you will go straight through the gaps in the walls; you will be thrown out toward Harmon.” The Lord is speaking. 4 “Go to Bethel and rebel! At Gilgal rebel some more! Bring your sacrifices in the morning, your tithes on the third day! 5 Burn a thank offering of bread made with yeast! Make a public display of your voluntary offerings! For you love to do this, you Israelites.” The Sovereign Lord is speaking.
200-300 C.E.
Jonathan Amos 4:4
Targum
3 They shall break down the wall upon you and they shall lead you out headlong like women and deport you beyond the mountains of Armenia,” says the Lord. 4 “They came to Bethel and rebelled, in Gilgal they increased sinning, bringing your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days. 5 You collect a free-will offering by violence and bring it with a song, saying, ‘This is for acceptance.’ For you love that sort of thing, O people of Israel,” says the Lord God.
6th Century B.C.E.
Nahum 1:14
Hebrew Bible
12 This is what the Lord says: “Even though they are powerful—and what is more, even though their army is numerous—nevertheless, they will be destroyed and trickle away! Although I afflicted you, I will afflict you no more. 13 And now, I will break Assyria’s yoke bar from your neck; I will tear apart the shackles that are on you.” 14 The Lord has issued a decree against you: “Your dynasty will come to an end. I will destroy the idols and images in the temples of your gods. I will desecrate your grave, because you are accursed!”
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Nahum 1:14
Septuagint
12 This says the Lord, who rules many waters, “And thus they will be sent away, and news of you shall not be heard any longer. 13 And now I will break his rod from you, and cleave your bonds.” 14 And the Lord gives a command on behalf of you, “It will not be scattered from your name any longer. From the house of your God I will utterly destroy the carved things and molten things; I will make your grave, because you are hasty.”
5th Century B.C.E.
Jeremiah 2:16
Hebrew Bible
14 “Israel is not a slave, is he? He was not born into slavery, was he? If not, why then is he being carried off? 15 Like lions his enemies roar victoriously over him; they raise their voices in triumph. They have laid his land waste; his cities have been burned down and deserted. 16 Even the soldiers from Memphis and Tahpanhes have cracked your skulls, people of Israel. 17 You have brought all this on yourself, Israel, by deserting the Lord your God when he was leading you along the right path. 18 What good will it do you then to go down to Egypt to seek help from the Egyptians? What good will it do you to go over to Assyria to seek help from the Assyrians?
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Jeremiah 2:16
Septuagint
14 Is Israel not a slave? Is Israel not home-born? On what account has he become plunder? 15 The lions roared upon him, and they who ordered his land as a wilderness gave their voice. His cities are cast down to not be inhabited. 16 And the sons of Memphis and Tahpanhes have perceived you and mocked you. Was it not your forsaking me that did these things to you?” 17 says the Lord your God.
5th Century B.C.E.
Jeremiah 21:7
Hebrew Bible
6 I will kill everything living in Jerusalem, people and animals alike. They will die from terrible diseases. 7 Then I, the Lord, promise that I will hand over King Zedekiah of Judah, his officials, and any of the people who survive the war, starvation, and disease. I will hand them over to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon and to their enemies who want to kill them. He will slaughter them with the sword. He will not show them any mercy, compassion, or pity.’ 8 “But tell the people of Jerusalem that the Lord says, ‘I will give you a choice between two courses of action. One will result in life; the other will result in death.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Jeremiah 21:7
Septuagint
6 And I will strike all those who dwell in this city, humans and livestock, with great death, and they will die. 7 And after these things,” thus says the Lord, “I will give Zedekiah, king of Judah, and his children and the people that are left in this city from death and famine and the sword into the hands of their enemies who seek their souls; and they will cut them down with the edge of the sword. I will not spare against them, and I shall not have pity on them.” 8 And you will say to this people, ‘Thus says the Lord: “Look, I myself have placed the way of life and the way of death before your face.
5th Century B.C.E.
Jeremiah 27:15
Hebrew Bible
15 For I, the Lord, affirm that I did not send them. They are prophesying lies to you in my name. If you listen to them, I will drive you and the prophets who are prophesying lies out of the land and you will all die in exile.’” 16 I also told the priests and all the people, “The Lord says, ‘Do not listen to what your prophets are saying. They are prophesying to you that the valuable articles taken from the Lord’s temple will be brought back from Babylon very soon. But they are prophesying a lie to you. 17 Do not listen to them. Be subject to the king of Babylon. Then you will continue to live. Why should this city be made a pile of rubble?’”
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Jeremiah 34:12
Septuagint
12 because I did not send them,” declares the Lord, “and they are prophesying wrongly in my name so as to destroy you; and you and your prophets who prophesy lies wrongly to you will be destroyed. 13 I have spoken to you and all this people and the priests, saying, ‘This is what the Lord said: “Do not listen to the words of the prophets who are prophesying to you, saying, ‘Look, the vessels of the house of the Lord will return from Babylon,’ because they are prophesying wrongly to you. 14 I did not send them.
5th Century B.C.E.
Zechariah 2:8
Hebrew Bible
7 “Escape, Zion, you who live among the Babylonians!” 8 For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “For his own glory he has sent me to the nations that plundered you—for anyone who touches you touches the pupil of his eye. 9 Yes, look here, I am about to punish them so that they will be looted by their own slaves.” Then you will know that the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has sent me.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Zechariah 2:8
Septuagint
7 “Escape into Zion, the ones who dwell with daughter Babylon.” 8 Because this is what the Lord Almighty says: “From behind the glory he sent me against the nations, the ones plundering you, because the ones touching you are as ones touching the pupil of my eye. 9 Behold, I lay my hand upon them, and they will be spoils for the ones serving them. And you will know that the Lord Almighty has sent me.
5th Century B.C.E.
Malachi 1:13
Hebrew Bible
12 “But you are profaning it by saying that the table of the Lord is common and its offerings despicable. 13 You also say, ‘How tiresome it is.’ You turn up your nose at it,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and instead bring what is stolen, lame, or sick. You bring these things for an offering! Should I accept this from you?” asks the Lord. 14 “There will be harsh condemnation for the hypocrite who has a valuable male animal in his flock but vows and sacrifices something inferior to the Lord. For I am a great king,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and my name is awesome among the nations.”
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Malachi 1:13
Septuagint
12 “But you have profaned it when you say, ‘The table of the Lord is polluted, and his prepared meat has been disdained. 13 And you said, ‘These things are from much toil,’ so I blew them away,” says the Lord Almighty. “And you brought in the spoils of war and the lame and the unwell. So, if you bring this as the sacrifice, should I receive them out of your hands?” says the Lord Almighty.
5th Century B.C.E.
Job 38:3
Hebrew Bible
1 Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind: 2 “Who is this who darkens counsel with words without knowledge? 3 Get ready for a difficult task like a man; I will question you, and you will inform me. 4 “Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell me, if you possess understanding.
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Job 38:3
Septuagint
1 And after Elihu stopped speaking, the Lord spoke to Job through a whirlwind and clouds, 2 “Who is this who, hiding counsel from me and constraining words in his heart, thus thinks to conceal them from me? 3 Gird your loins like a man, for I shall ask, and you shall answer me. 4 Where were you when I established the earth? Just tell me, if you are capable of understanding.
5th Century B.C.E.
Job 40:7
Hebrew Bible
6 Then the Lord answered Job from the whirlwind: 7 “Get ready for a difficult task like a man. I will question you, and you will inform me. 8 Would you indeed annul my justice? Would you declare me guilty so that you might be right?
1st Century B.C.E.
LXX Job 40:2
Septuagint
1 And still answering, the Lord said to Job from a cloud, 2 “But gird your loins like a man. And I shall question you, and you yourself shall answer me. 3 Will you reject my judgment, and will you imagine that I would deal otherwise with you, or so that you would appear righteous? 4 Or is there for you an arm like the Lord’s, or do you thunder with a voice like his?