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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 23

1 If you sit to dine at the table of princes, consider attentively the things set before you: 2 and apply your hand, knowing that it behoves you to prepare such food. 3 But if you are very insatiable, do not desire his provisions; for these belong to a false life. 4 If you are poor, do not stretch yourself out alongside a rich man;⁠ but refrain yourself in your wisdom. 5 If you should fix your eye upon him, he will disappear; for wings like an eagle's are prepared for him, and he returns to the house of his master. 6 Do not dine with an envious man, nor desire his food: 7 so he eats and drinks as if any one should swallow a hair: 8 and do not bring him in to yourself, nor eat your morsel with him: for he will vomit it up, and ruin your fair words. 9 Say nothing in the ears of a fool, for fear that he might sneer at your wise words. 10 Do not remove the ancient landmarks; and do not enter upon the possession of the fatherless: 11 for the Lord is their redeemer; he is mighty, and will plead their cause with you. 12 Apply your heart to instruction, and prepare your ears for words of discretion. 13 Do not refrain from chastening a child; for if you beat him with the rod, he shall not die. 14 For you shall beat him with the rod, and shall deliver his soul from death. 15 Son, if your heart is wise, you shall also gladden my heart; 16 and your lips shall converse with my lips, if they are right. 17 Let not your heart envy sinners: but be in the fear of the Lord all the day. 18 For if you should keep these things, you shall have posterity; and your hope shall not be removed. 19 Hear, my son, and be wise, and rightly direct the thoughts of your heart. 20 Do not be a wine-drinker, neither continue long at feasts, and purchases of flesh: 21 for every drunkard and fornicator shall be poor; and every sluggard shall clothe himself with tatters and ragged garments. 22 Listen, my son, to your father who fathered you, and do not despise your mother because she is grown old. 23  24 A righteous father brings up his children well; and his soul rejoices over a wise son. 25 Let your father and your mother rejoice over you, and let her that bore you be glad. 26 My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes observe my ways. 27 For a strange house is a vessel full of holes;⁠ and a strange well is narrow. 28 For such a one shall perish suddenly; and every transgressor shall be cut off. 29 Who has woe? who trouble? who has quarrels? and who vexations and disputes? who has bruises without a cause? whose eyes are livid? 30 Are not those of those who stay long at wine? are not those of those who haunt the places where banquets are? 31 Do not be drunk with wine; but converse with just men, and converse with them openly. For if you should set your eyes on bowls and cups, you shall afterwards go more naked than a pestle. 32 But at last such a one stretches himself out as one struck by a serpent, and venom is diffused through him as by a horned serpent. 33 Whenever your eyes shall see a strange woman, then your mouth shall speak perverse things. 34 And you shall lie as in the midst of the sea, and as a pilot in a great storm. 35 And you shall say, They struck me, and I was not pained; and they mocked me, and I did not know it: when will it be morning, that I may go and seek those with whom I may go in company?

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Compare Proverbs 23:4 and Democritus, Fragments and LXX Proverbs 23:4

Hebrew Bible · Classical · Septuagint

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Summary

The Greek Septuagint translation of Proverbs 23 warns the poor not to “stretch themselves out” to match the rich. It uses a rare word found in Democritus, suggesting the translator was influenced by Greek philosophy.

Passages

Proverbs 23:4

Hebrew Bible
3 Do not crave that ruler’s delicacies, for that food is deceptive. 4 Do not wear yourself out to become rich; be wise enough to restrain yourself. 5 When you gaze upon riches, they are gone, for they surely make wings for themselves and fly off into the sky like an eagle!
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Democritus, Fragments

Classical
Democritus: A person shows good judgement if he is not grieved by what he does not have, but is pleased with what he does have. The desire for more destroys what one has, as with the dog in Aesop's fable. Democritus: Someone who contends with a superior ends up with a bad reputation. One should recognize that human life is feeble and short and heaped up with all sorts of evils and disasters, so as to aim at moderate acquisition and measure one's trouble against what is necessary. Democritus: Helplessness on the part of all is worse than the helpless of each individual; for there is left no hope of assistance.
400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Democritus, Fragments

LXX Proverbs 23:4

Septuagint
3 But if you are very insatiable, do not desire his provisions; for these belong to a false life. 4 If you are poor, do not stretch yourself out alongside a rich man; but refrain yourself in your wisdom. 5 If you should fix your eye upon him, he will disappear; for wings like an eagle's are prepared for him, and he returns to the house of his master.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

References

"... LXX Proverbs 23:4 ... μὴ παρεκτείνου πένης ὢν πλουσίῳ, “if you are poor, do not compare yourself with a rich man” ... the middle imperative παρεκτείνου (literally “stretch yourself out alongside”) here means “measure yourself with” or “compare yourself with”. It is a relatively rare meaning of the verb, and finds a striking parallel in one of the fragments of the Presocratic philosopher Democritus, which reads τελευτᾶι γὰρ ἐς κακοδοξίην [κακὴν] ὁ παρεκτεινόμενος τῶι κρέσσονι, “for he who compares himself with a more powerful man ends up in notoriety” (Demokritos B 238). It is not impossible that the Proverbs translator is here alluding to this fragment ..."
Albert M. Wolters, Septuagint Commentary Series: Proverbs (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 225.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 23:4 and Democritus, Fragments and LXX Proverbs 23:4

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