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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 23

1 If you sit to dine at the table of princes, consider attentively the things set before you: 2 and apply your hand, knowing that it behoves you to prepare such food. 3 But if you are very insatiable, do not desire his provisions; for these belong to a false life. 4 If you are poor, do not stretch yourself out alongside a rich man;⁠ but refrain yourself in your wisdom. 5 If you should fix your eye upon him, he will disappear; for wings like an eagle's are prepared for him, and he returns to the house of his master. 6 Do not dine with an envious man, nor desire his food: 7 so he eats and drinks as if any one should swallow a hair: 8 and do not bring him in to yourself, nor eat your morsel with him: for he will vomit it up, and ruin your fair words. 9 Say nothing in the ears of a fool, for fear that he might sneer at your wise words. 10 Do not remove the ancient landmarks; and do not enter upon the possession of the fatherless: 11 for the Lord is their redeemer; he is mighty, and will plead their cause with you. 12 Apply your heart to instruction, and prepare your ears for words of discretion. 13 Do not refrain from chastening a child; for if you beat him with the rod, he shall not die. 14 For you shall beat him with the rod, and shall deliver his soul from death. 15 Son, if your heart is wise, you shall also gladden my heart; 16 and your lips shall converse with my lips, if they are right. 17 Let not your heart envy sinners: but be in the fear of the Lord all the day. 18 For if you should keep these things, you shall have posterity; and your hope shall not be removed. 19 Hear, my son, and be wise, and rightly direct the thoughts of your heart. 20 Do not be a wine-drinker, neither continue long at feasts, and purchases of flesh: 21 for every drunkard and fornicator shall be poor; and every sluggard shall clothe himself with tatters and ragged garments. 22 Listen, my son, to your father who fathered you, and do not despise your mother because she is grown old. 23  24 A righteous father brings up his children well; and his soul rejoices over a wise son. 25 Let your father and your mother rejoice over you, and let her that bore you be glad. 26 My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes observe my ways. 27 For a strange house is a vessel full of holes;⁠ and a strange well is narrow. 28 For such a one shall perish suddenly; and every transgressor shall be cut off. 29 Who has woe? who trouble? who has quarrels? and who vexations and disputes? who has bruises without a cause? whose eyes are livid? 30 Are not those of those who stay long at wine? are not those of those who haunt the places where banquets are? 31 Do not be drunk with wine; but converse with just men, and converse with them openly. For if you should set your eyes on bowls and cups, you shall afterwards go more naked than a pestle. 32 But at last such a one stretches himself out as one struck by a serpent, and venom is diffused through him as by a horned serpent. 33 Whenever your eyes shall see a strange woman, then your mouth shall speak perverse things. 34 And you shall lie as in the midst of the sea, and as a pilot in a great storm. 35 And you shall say, They struck me, and I was not pained; and they mocked me, and I did not know it: when will it be morning, that I may go and seek those with whom I may go in company?

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 23:27 and Plato, Dialogue with Gorgias 493b and LXX Proverbs 23:27

Hebrew Bible · Classical · Septuagint

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Summary

Proverbs 23 compares a prostitute to a “deep pit,” warning of hidden danger. The Greek Septuagint changes this to a saying about a “perforated wine jar,” influenced by a Greek proverb in Plato’s Gorgias, where such jars represent endless desires.

Passages

Proverbs 23:27

Hebrew Bible
25 May your father and your mother have joy; may she who bore you rejoice. 26 Give me your heart, my son, and let your eyes observe my ways; 27 for a prostitute is like a deep pit; a harlot is like a narrow well. 28 Indeed, she lies in wait like a robber and increases the unfaithful among men.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Plato, Dialogue with Gorgias 493b

Classical
a tale in which he called the soul—because of its believing and make-believe nature—a vessel, and the ignorant he called the uninitiated or leaky, and the place in the souls of the uninitiated in which the desires are seated, being the intemperate and incontinent part, he compared to a leaky vessel full of holes, because it can never be satisfied. He is not of your way of thinking, Callicles, for he declares, that of all the souls in Hades, meaning the invisible world, these uninitiated or leaky persons are the most miserable, and that they pour water into a vessel which is full of holes out of a colander which is similarly perforated. The colander, as my informer assures me, is the soul, and the
380 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Plato, Dialogue with Gorgias

LXX Proverbs 23:27

Septuagint
25 Let your father and your mother rejoice over you, and let her that bore you be glad. 26 My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes observe my ways. 27 For a strange house is a vessel full of holes; and a strange well is narrow. 28 For such a one shall perish suddenly; and every transgressor shall be cut off.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

References

"... LXX Proverbs 23:27 ... πίθος γὰρ τετρημένος ἐστὶν ἀλλότριος οἶκος, “for someone else’s house is a perforated wine jar.” The corresponding Hebrew text is “for a prostitute is a deep pit”. In thus recasting the Hebrew proverb, the translator is alluding to a Greek proverb, εἰς τὸν τετρημένον πίθον ἀντλεῖν, “to pour into a perforated wine jar”. This picture of futile labor is applied by Plato to insatiable appetites (Gorgias 493B), and that may also be what the present verse has in mind ..."
Albert M. Wolters, Septuagint Commentary Series: Proverbs (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 228.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 23:27 and Plato, Dialogue with Gorgias 493b and LXX Proverbs 23:27

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