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LXX Genesis

Septuagint

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Chapter 49

1 And Jacob called his sons, and said, Assemble yourselves, that I may tell you what shall happen to you in the last days. 2 Gather yourselves together, and hear me, sons of Jacob; hear Israel, hear your father. 3 Reuben, you are my firstborn, you my strength, and the first of my children, hard to be endured, hard and self-willed. 4 You were insolent like water, do not burst forth with violence, for you went up to the bed of your father; then you defiled the couch on which you went up. 5 Simeon and Levi, brothers, put an end to injustice of their own choice.⁠ 6 Let not my soul come into their counsel, and let not my inward parts contend in their conspiracy, for in their fierce anger they killed men, and in their passion they hamstrung a bull.⁠ 7 Cursed be their fierce anger, for it was willful, and their anger, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. 8 Judah, may your brothers praise you; your hands shall be on the back of your enemies; your father's sons shall do you reverence. 9 Judah is a lion's cub: from the tender plant, my son, you have gone up, having couched you lie as a lion, and as a cub; who shall stir him up? 10 A ruler shall not fail from Judah, nor a prince from his own body, until there come the things stored up for him; and he is the expectation of nations.⁠ 11 Binding his foal to the vine, and the foal of his donkey to the branch of it, he shall wash his robe in wine, and his garment in the blood of the grape. 12 His eyes shall be more cheering than wine, and his teeth whiter than milk. 13 Zebulun shall dwell on the coast, and he shall be by a haven of ships, and shall extend to Sidon. 14 Issachar has desired that which is good; resting between the inheritances. 15 And having seen the resting place that it was good, and the land that it was fertile, he subjected his shoulder to labor, and became a farmer. 16 Dan shall judge his people, as one tribe too in Israel. 17 And let Dan be a serpent in the way, besetting the path, biting the heel of the horse (and the rider shall fall backward), 18 I wait for the salvation of the Lord. 19 Gad, a plundering troop shall plunder him; but he shall plunder them, pursuing them closely. 20 Asher, his bread shall be fat; and he shall yield dainties to princes. 21 Naphtali is a spreading stem, bestowing beauty on its fruit. 22 Joseph is a son increased; my dearly loved son is increased; my youngest son, turn to me. 23 Against whom men taking evil counsel reproached him, and the archers pressed hard upon him. 24 But their bow and arrows were mightily consumed, and the sinews of their arms were slackened by the hand of the mighty one of Jacob; from there is he that strengthened Israel; 25 from the God of your father; and my God helped you, and he blessed you with the blessing of heaven from above, and the blessing of the earth possessing all things, because of the blessing of the breasts and of the womb, 26 the blessings of your father and your mother, it has prevailed above the blessing of the lasting mountains, and beyond the blessings of the everlasting hills; they shall be upon the head of Joseph, and upon the head of the brothers of whom he took the lead. 27 Benjamin, as a ravening wolf, shall eat still in the morning, and at evening he gives food. 28 All these are the twelve sons of Jacob; and their father spoke these words to them, and he blessed them; he blessed each of them according to his blessing. 29 And he said to them, I am added to my people; you shall bury me with my fathers in the cave, which is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 30 in the double cave which is opposite Mamre, in the land of Canaan, the cave which Abraham bought of Ephron the Hittite, for a possession of a tomb. 31 There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac, and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah; 32 in the portion of the field, and of the cave that was in it, purchased of the sons of Heth. 33 And Jacob ceased giving charges to his sons; and having lifted up his feet on the bed, he died, and was gathered to his people.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 49:10 and LXX Genesis 49:10

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Genesis 49 focuses on Judah’s leadership, which the Greek Septuagint changes to “the expectation of the nations.” This changes a tribal promise to a universal hope, where the nations are not subjects but also waiting expectantly.

Passages

Genesis 49:10

Hebrew Bible
9 You are a lion’s cub, Judah, from the prey, my son, you have gone up. He crouches and lies down like a lion; like a lioness—who will rouse him? 10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs; the nations will obey him. 11 Binding his foal to the vine, and his colt to the choicest vine, he will wash his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 49:10

Septuagint
9 Judah is a lion's cub: from the tender plant, my son, you have gone up, having couched you lie as a lion, and as a cub; who shall stir him up? 10 A ruler shall not fail from Judah, nor a prince from his own body, until there come the things stored up for him; and he is the expectation of nations. 11 Binding his foal to the vine, and the foal of his donkey to the branch of it, he shall wash his robe in wine, and his garment in the blood of the grape.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

References

"... the literary and transmission history of biblical literature, of which biblical and apocryphal manuscripts from Qumran provide our earliest extensive witnesses and to which the Septuagint as early translation and indirect witness to a Hebrew ‘Vorlage’, arguably contribute evidence to the study of messianism in individual cases ... Since the identification of messianic references introduced in the Septuagint as compared to the Masoretic Text is a whole field of study by itself, this section limits discussion to examples of Septuagint evidence that also plays a role in Qumran and New Testament texts. Two passages in the Pentateuch merit particular attention: Genesis 49:10 and Numbers 24:15–17. As part of the Hebrew Bible, Genesis 49:10 does not claim anything beyond future continuity of Judah’s dominion ‘until the coming of Shiloh’ ... However, LXX Genesis 49:10 renders a different horizon of expectation in the second part of this verse: “until he comes for whom these things are reserved and he is the expectation of the peoples”. It has been noted in previous scholarship that the Septuagint translation may go back to a virtually similar consonantal Hebrew text, possibly rendering ש לו rather than שילה, among other options of retroversion ..."
Albert L. A. Hogeterp, Expectations of the End: A Comparative Traditio-Historical Study of Eschatological, Apocalyptic, and Messianic Ideas in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament, STDJ 83 (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 437–439.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 49:10 and LXX Genesis 49:10

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