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LXX 1 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 15

1 And Samuel said to Saul, The Lord sent me to anoint you king over Israel: and now hear the voice of the Lord. 2 Thus said the Lord of hosts, Now I will take vengeance for what Amalek did to Israel,⁠ when he met him in the way as he came up out of Egypt. 3 And now go, and you shall strike Amalek and Hierim and all that belongs to him, and you shall not save anything of him alive, but you shall utterly destroy him: and you shall devote him and all his to destruction, and you shall spare nothing belonging to him; and you shall kill both man and woman, and infant and suckling, and calf and sheep, and camel and donkey. 4 And Saul summoned the people, and he numbered them in Gilgal, four hundred thousand regular troops, and Judah thirty thousand regular troops. 5 And Saul came to the cities of Amalek, and laid wait in the valley. 6 And Saul said to the Kenite, Go, and depart out of the midst of the Amalekites, for fear that I might put you with them; for you dealt mercifully with the children of Israel when they went up out of Egypt. So the Kenite departed from the midst of Amalek. 7 And Saul struck Amalek from Havilah to Shur fronting Egypt. 8 And he took Agag the king of Amalek alive, and he killed all the people of Hierim with the edge of the sword. 9 And Saul and all the people saved Agag alive, and the best of the flocks, and of the herds, and of the fruits, and of the vineyards, and of all the good things; and they would not destroy them: but every worthless and refuse thing they destroyed. 10 And the word of the Lord came to Samuel, saying, 11 I have repented that I have made Saul to be king: for he has turned back from following me, and has not kept my word. And Samuel was grieved, and cried to the Lord all night. 12 And Samuel rose early and went to meet Israel in the morning, and it was told Samuel, saying, Saul has come to Carmel, and he has raised up a hand for himself: and he turned his chariot, and came down to Gilgal to Saul; and, look, he was offering up a whole burnt offering to the Lord, the chief of the captured goods which he brought out of Amalek. 13 And Samuel came to Saul: and Saul said to him, You are blessed by the Lord: I have performed all that the Lord said. 14 And Samuel said, What then is the bleating of this flock in my ears, and the sound of the oxen which I hear? 15 And Saul said, I have brought them out of Amalek, that which the people preserved, even the best of the sheep, and of the cattle, that it might be sacrificed to the Lord your God, and the rest I have utterly destroyed. 16 And Samuel said to Saul, Stay, and I will tell you what the Lord has said to me this night: and he said to him, Say on. 17 And Samuel said to Saul, Are you not little in his eyes, though a leader of one of the tribes of Israel? and yet the Lord anointed you to be king over Israel. 18 And the Lord sent you on a journey, and said to you, Go, and utterly destroy: you shall kill the sinners against me, even the Amalekites; and you shall war against them until you have consumed them. 19 And why did you not listen to the voice of the Lord, but hastened to fasten upon the captured goods, and did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord? 20 And Saul said to Samuel, Because I listened to the voice of the people: yet I went the way by which the Lord sent me, and I brought Agag the king of Amalek, and I destroyed Amalek. 21 But the people took of the captured goods the best flocks and herds out of that which was destroyed, to sacrifice before the Lord our God in Gilgal. 22 And Samuel said, Does the Lord take pleasure in whole burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in hearing the words of the Lord? look, obedience is better than a good sacrifice, and listening than the fat of rams. 23 For sin is as divination; idols bring on pain and grief. Because you have rejected the word of the Lord, the Lord also shall reject you from being king over Israel. 24 And Saul said to Samuel, I have sinned, in that I have transgressed the word of the Lord and your direction; for I feared the people, and I listened to their voice. 25 And now remove, Please, my sin, and turn back with me, and I will worship the Lord your God. 26 And Samuel said to Saul, I will not turn back with you, for you have rejected the word of the Lord, and the Lord will reject you from being king over Israel. 27 And Samuel turned his face to depart, and Saul caught hold of the skirt of his garment, and tore it. 28 And Samuel said to him, The Lord has torn the kingdom of Israel out of your hand this day, and will give it to your neighbor who is better than you. 29 And Israel shall be divided in two: and God will not turn nor repent, for he is not as a man to repent. 30 And Saul said, I have sinned; yet honor me, Please, before the elders of Israel, and before my people; and turn back with me, and I will worship the Lord your God. 31 So Samuel turned back after Saul, and he worshiped the Lord. 32 And Samuel said, Bring me Agag the king of Amalek: and Agag came to him trembling; and Agag said, Is death thus bitter? 33 And Samuel said to Agag, As your sword has bereaved women of their children, so shall your mother be made childless among women: and Samuel killed Agag before the Lord in Gilgal. 34 And Samuel departed to Ramathaim, and Saul went up to his house at Gibeah. 35 And Samuel did not see Saul again till the day of his death, for Samuel mourned after Saul, and the Lord repented that he had made Saul king over Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 15:2 and LXX 1 Samuel 15:2

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

1 Samuel 15 in the Masoretic text changed language of divine revenge, using softer language that means “I have observed” or “I remember.” The Greek Septuagint preserves the original text when it says God “will avenge,” describing an act of retribution.

Passages

1 Samuel 15:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Then Samuel said to Saul, “I was the one the Lord sent to anoint you as king over his people Israel. Now listen to what the Lord says. 2 Here is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘I carefully observed how the Amalekites opposed Israel along the way when Israel came up from Egypt. 3 So go now and strike down the Amalekites. Destroy everything they have. Don’t spare them. Put them to death—man, woman, child, infant, ox, sheep, camel, and donkey alike.’”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 15:2

Septuagint
1 And Samuel said to Saul, The Lord sent me to anoint you king over Israel: and now hear the voice of the Lord. 2 Thus said the Lord of hosts, Now I will take vengeance for what Amalek did to Israel, when he met him in the way as he came up out of Egypt. 3 And now go, and you shall strike Amalek and Hierim and all that belongs to him, and you shall not save anything of him alive, but you shall utterly destroy him: and you shall devote him and all his to destruction, and you shall spare nothing belonging to him; and you shall kill both man and woman, and infant and suckling, and calf and sheep, and camel and donkey.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

References

"... In other cases, the Masoretic text and Targum tempered difficulties in the text, which textually survived only in the Septuagint. In 1 Samuel 15:2, the Septuagint offers ἐκδικήσω (“I will avenge”) whereas the Masoretic text offers “I have taken account”, and Targum Jonathan offers “I remember”. In this case, the Septuagint offers an old reading which is tempered in the Hebrew traditions. In 2 Samuel 24:16, LXX Ra offers the original reading ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ θεοῦ whereas the Masoretic Text, LXX A.L. and the Targum omit the mention of “God” in order to reduce the notion of God’s cruelty. In Rabbinical tradition, this reading also is known, but there we find an explicit debate on God’s cruelty ..."
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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