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LXX 1 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 1

1 There was a man of Ramathaim Zophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, a son of Jerahmeel the son of Elihu the son of Tohu, in Nasib Ephraim. 2 And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the second Peninnah. And Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no child. 3 And the man went up from year to year from his city, from Ramathaim, to worship and sacrifice to the Lord God of Sabaoth at Shiloh: and there were Eli and his two sons Ophni and Phinehas, the priests of the Lord. 4 And the day came, and Elkanah sacrificed, and gave portions to his wife Peninnah and her sons and her daughters. 5 And to Hannah he gave one portion, because she had no child, only Elkanah loved Hannah more than the other; but the Lord had closed her womb. 6 For the Lord gave her no child in her affliction, and according to the despondency of her affliction; and she was dispirited on this account, that the Lord shut up her womb so as not to give her a child. 7 So she did year by year, in going up to the house of the Lord; and she was dispirited, and wept, and did not eat. 8 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Hannah: and she said to him, Here I am, my lord: and he said to her, What ails you that you weep? and why do you not eat? and why does your heart strike you? am I not better to you than ten children? 9 And Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and stood before the Lord: and Eli the priest was on a seat by the threshold of the temple of the Lord. 10 And she was very much grieved in spirit, and prayed to the Lord, and wept abundantly. 11 And she vowed a vow to the Lord, saying, Lord God of Sabaoth, if you will indeed look upon the humiliation of your female servant, and remember me, and give to your female servant a boy, then I will indeed dedicate him to you till the day of his death; and he shall drink no wine nor strong drink, and no razor shall come upon his head. 12 And it happened, while she was long praying before the Lord, that Eli the priest watched her mouth. 13 And she was speaking in her heart, and her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: and Eli accounted her a drunken woman. 14 And the servant of Eli said to her, How long will you be drunk? take away your wine from you, and go out from the presence of the Lord. 15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I live in a hard day, and I have not drunk wine or strong drink, and I pour out my soul before the Lord. 16 Do not count your female servant for a pestilent woman, for by reason of the abundance of my importunity I have continued my prayer until now. 17 And Eli answered and said to her, Go in peace: the God of Israel give you all your petition, which you have asked of him. 18 And she said, Your female servant has found favor in your eyes: and the woman went her way, and entered into her lodging, and ate and drank with her husband, and her face was no longer sad. 19 And they rise early in the morning, and worship the Lord, and they go their way: and Elkanah went into his house at Ramathaim, and knew his wife Hannah; and the Lord remembered her. 20 And she conceived; and it happened when the time had come, that she brought forth a son, and called his name Samuel, and said, Because I asked him of the Lord God of Sabaoth. 21 And the man Elkanah and all his house went up to offer in Shiloh the yearly sacrifice, and his vows, and all the tithes of his land. 22 But Hannah did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, I will not go up until the child goes up, when I have weaned him, and he shall be presented before the Lord, and he shall stay there continually. 23 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Do that which is good in your eyes, stay until you have weaned him; but may the Lord establish that which comes out of your mouth: and the woman stayed, and suckled her son until she had weaned him. 24 And she went up with him to Shiloh with a calf of three years old,⁠ and loaves, and an ephah of fine flour, and a bottle of wine: and she entered into the house of the Lord in Shiloh, and the child with them. 25 And they brought him before the Lord; and his father killed his offering which he offered from year to year to the Lord; and he brought near the child, and killed the calf; and Hannah the mother of the child brought him to Eli. 26 And she said, Please, my lord, as your soul lives, I am the woman that stood in your presence while praying to the Lord. 27 For this child I prayed; and the Lord has given me my request that I asked of him. 28 And I lend him to the Lord all his days that he lives, a loan to the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 1:24 and LXX 1 Samuel 1:24

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

1 Samuel says that Hannah brought three bulls as an offering when presenting Samuel at Shiloh. The Greek Septuagint translation refers to a single three-year-old bull, the difference based on difficulty with the Hebrew source.

Passages

1 Samuel 1:24

Hebrew Bible
22 But Hannah did not go up with them, because she had told her husband, “Not until the boy is weaned. Then I will bring him so that he may appear before the Lord. And he will remain there from then on.” 23 Then her husband Elkanah said to her, “Do what is right in your eyes55. Stay until you have weaned him. Only may the Lord fulfill his promise.” So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him. 24 Then she took him up with her as soon as she had weaned him, along with three bulls, an ephah of flour, and a container of wine. She came to the Lord’s house at Shiloh, and the boy was with them. 25 They slaughtered the bull, then brought the boy to Eli.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 1:24

Septuagint
22 But Hannah did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, I will not go up until the child goes up, when I have weaned him, and he shall be presented before the Lord, and he shall stay there continually. 23 And Elkanah her husband said to her, Do that which is good in your eyes, stay until you have weaned him; but may the Lord establish that which comes out of your mouth: and the woman stayed, and suckled her son until she had weaned him. 24 And she went up with him to Shiloh with a calf of three years old, and loaves, and an ephah of fine flour, and a bottle of wine: and she entered into the house of the Lord in Shiloh, and the child with them. 25 And they brought him before the Lord; and his father killed his offering which he offered from year to year to the Lord; and he brought near the child, and killed the calf; and Hannah the mother of the child brought him to Eli.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

References

"... Probably the text of the Masoretic text, T V on the one hand, and LXX S 4QSamA on the other, derived from a common source: בפרמשלש. According to the context, it is reasonable to assume that this word cluster originally referred to a פר, “bull” in the singular, i.e., “she ⟨Hannah⟩ took him ⟨Samuel⟩ up ... along with a three-year-old bull”. When word division and matres lectionis were inserted into the text (a yod in the first word and a he at the end of the second one; furthermore, the non-final mem was changed into a final letter), the common source of LXX S 4QSama retained this understanding, while the text of the Masoretic T V was corrupted. For further examples, see 1 Samuel 1:1; 2 Samuel 7:1; Jeremiah 2:20; 5:6; 23:33; 41:9; Psalm 9:6; 23:4; 2 Chronicles 32:22. When the word division reflected in the LXX presumably is not original, the exegesis behind it derives either from the translator or from his Vorlage. The former possibility is the more likely when several differences between the LXX and MT occur within a short stretch, relating not only to word division, but also to matres lectionis and vocalization, and sometimes to graphically similar consonants as well ..."
Emanuel Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research, 3rd ed. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 130.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 1:24 and LXX 1 Samuel 1:24

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