Go to Related Reading
About this book

Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 51

1 Listen to my Memra, you who follow after truth, who seek instruction from the LORD; consider that you were cut out like a stone hewn from a rock, that you were cut out like a mass hewn out of a hollow cistern. 2 Consider Abraham your father and Sarah who conceived you; for Abraham was one alone in the world, and I brought him to my service, I also blessed him and multiplied him. 3 For the LORD will comfort Zion, He will comfort all her waste places, and He will make her wilderness like Eden and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness will be found in her, those who offer thanksgiving, and the voice of those who praise. 4 Listen to my Memra, my people, and give ear, my congregation, to my service; for the Torah will go forth from me, and my judgment like a light; the nations whom I led into captivity will praise it. 5 My righteousness is near; my salvation has gone forth, and the nations will be judged by the strength of the arm of my might; the isles will hope for my Memra, and they will wait for the strength of the arm of my might. 6 Lift up your eyes to the heavens and consider the earth beneath; for the heavens will vanish away like smoke, and the earth will wear out like a garment, and its inhabitants likewise will die; but my salvation will be forever, and my righteousness will not fail. 7 Listen to my Memra, you who know the truth, the people in whose heart is the instruction of my Torah; do not be afraid of the reproaches of the sons of men, neither be terrified at their grandeur. 8 For they vanish like a garment that the moth eats, and like wool that rottenness seizes; but my righteousness will be forever, and my salvation from generation to generation. 9 Reveal yourself, reveal yourself, put on the strength of might from the LORD; reveal yourself as in the days of old, in the generations that were at the beginning. Was it not for your sake, O congregation of Israel, that I broke the mighty, that I destroyed Pharaoh and his host, who were strong as a dragon?⁠ 10 Was it not for your sake, O congregation of Israel, that I dried up the sea, the water of the great deep, that I made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over? 11 So the redeemed of the LORD will be gathered together out of their captivity and come to Zion with singing; and everlasting joy will be theirs, which will not cease; and a cloud of glory will overshadow their heads; they will find joy and gladness, and there will be an end of sorrow and sighing for the house of Israel. 12 I, even I, am He who comforts you; of whom are you afraid? Of a mortal man, or of a son of man who is counted like grass? 13 And that you should forget the worship of the LORD your Maker, who suspended the heavens and founded the earth, and should fear continually all the day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? And where is now the fury of the oppressor? 14 Vengeance hastens to be revealed, and the righteous will not die in the pit, nor will they lack their food. 15 For I am the LORD your God, who rebukes the sea though its waves roar; the LORD of hosts is His name. 16 I have put the words of my prophecy in your mouth, and with the shadow of my power I have protected you, to raise up the nation concerning which it has been promised that they will be as many as the stars of heaven, and to establish the congregation concerning which it has been promised that they will multiply like the dust of the earth, and to say to the inhabitants of Zion, “You are my people.”⁠ 17 Magnify yourself, magnify yourself; arise, O Jerusalem! you who have received from the LORD the cup of His wrath; the bowl of the cup of cursing you have drunk, and you have drained it. 18 There is no one to comfort her of all the sons she has brought forth, nor is there one to take hold of her hand of all the sons she has raised. 19 Two tribulations have come upon you, O Jerusalem, and you are not able to arise; when four come upon you, plundering and destruction and famine and sword, there will be none to comfort you besides me. 20 Your children will be torn in pieces; they will be cast at the head of all the streets like broken vials; they are full of the fury of the LORD and of the rebuke of your God. 21 Therefore hear this now, you who are cast out, drunk with tribulation but not with wine: 22 Thus says your Lord, the LORD, even your God who will take the vengeance of judgment for His people, “I have taken away the cup of cursing, the bowl of the cup of my fury; you will no longer drink it again. 23 But I will deliver it into the hand of those who afflict you, who have said to you, ‘Bow down that we may go over’; and you made your glory like the ground, and you became like the street to those who passed by.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 51:16 and Jonathan Isaiah 51:16

Hebrew Bible · Targum

Share:

Summary

Isaiah 51 describes divine commissioning and protection. The Aramaic Targum expands this with a reference to Abraham, interpreting the founding of the nation as fulfilling the promise that his descendants would be as many as the dust, echoing Genesis 13.

Passages

Isaiah 51:16

Hebrew Bible
14 The one who suffers will soon be released; he will not die in prison, he will not go hungry. 15 I am the Lord your God, who churns up the sea so that its waves surge. The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name! 16 “I commission you as my spokesman; I cover you with the palm of my hand to establish the sky and to found the earth, to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’” 17 Wake up! Wake up! Get up, O Jerusalem! You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you, which was full of his anger. You drained dry the goblet full of intoxicating wine. 18 There was no one to lead her among all the children she bore; there was no one to take her by the hand among all the children she raised.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 51:16

Targum
14 Vengeance hastens to be revealed, and the righteous will not die in the pit, nor will they lack their food. 15 For I am the LORD your God, who rebukes the sea though its waves roar; the LORD of hosts is His name. 16 I have put the words of my prophecy in your mouth, and with the shadow of my power I have protected you, to raise up the nation concerning which it has been promised that they will be as many as the stars of heaven, and to establish the congregation concerning which it has been promised that they will multiply like the dust of the earth, and to say to the inhabitants of Zion, “You are my people.” 17 Magnify yourself, magnify yourself; arise, O Jerusalem! you who have received from the LORD the cup of His wrath; the bowl of the cup of cursing you have drunk, and you have drained it. 18 There is no one to comfort her of all the sons she has brought forth, nor is there one to take hold of her hand of all the sons she has raised.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... Rava’s striking exegetical theology is followed by Rav Joseph, who further mitigates the divine disfavor and facial aversion. He claims that God’s hand rests upon the Jews, even if his face is averted, citing Isaiah 51:16, in which God covers Israel in “the shadow of his hand” and goes on to reassure them, “You are my people.” ... Compare Targum of Jonathan to Isaiah 51:16 ..."
Rachel Neis, The Sense of Sight in Rabbinic Culture: Jewish Ways of Seeing in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 65.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Isaiah 51:16 and Jonathan Isaiah 51:16

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library